Table 2 Multivariate model of factors associated with adherence and viral suppression
Factor | Adherence | Viral suppression | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
aOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | |
Demographic and study characteristics | ||||
Number of abbreviated visits (per visit) | 0.95 | 0.91–0.98 | 1.10 | 1.07–1.13 |
Number of missed visits (per visit) | 0.97 | 0.95–1.00 | 0.99 | 0.97–1.01 |
Age (per 10 yr.) | 1.41 | 1.32–1.49 | 1.59 | 1.54–1.64 |
Race/ethnicity (vs. White, non-Hispanic) | ||||
 African American, non-Hispanic | 0.62 | 0.53–0.72 | 0.71 | 0.66–0.77 |
 Latina/Hispanic | 0.76 | 0.64–0.90 | 0.84 | 0.77–0.91 |
 Asian/Pacific Islander/Native American or Alaskan/Other | 1.10 | 0.79–1.52 | 0.99 | 0.85–1.15 |
Enrollment wave (vs. 1994–1995 northern site recruits) | ||||
 2001–2002 northern site recruits | 1.07 | 0.97–1.20 | 1.75 | 1.65–1.85 |
 2011–2012 northern site recruits | 1.85 | 1.44–2.39 | 3.29 | 2.89–3.75 |
 2013–2015 southern site recruits | 1.86 | 1.47–2.36 | 4.61 | 4.05–5.25 |
Less than high school education | 0.95 | 0.87–1.05 | 1.04 | 0.99–1.09 |
Married or partnered | 1.28 | 1.16–1.42 | 1.18 | 1.12–1.24 |
Unstable housing | 0.87 | 0.71–1.06 | 0.96 | 0.85–1.09 |
Unemployed | 0.95 | 0.85–1.06 | 0.78 | 0.72–0.82 |
Annual household income ≤$24,000 | 1.14 | 1.00–1.29 | 0.86 | 0.81–0.92 |
No health insurance | 0.85 | 0.69–1.04 | 0.91 | 0.81–1.03 |
Pregnant in past 6 months | 1.15 | 0.85–1.55 | 0.93 | 0.80–1.09 |
Depressive symptoms (CES-D score ≥ 16) | 0.61 | 0.56–0.67 | 0.76 | 0.73–0.80 |
Substance use | ||||
Current smoker | 0.77 | 0.70–0.85 | 0.67 | 0.63–0.70 |
Alcohol use (vs. None) | ||||
 Low (> 0–7 drinks per week) | 0.88 | 0.79–0.97 | 0.95 | 0.90–1.01 |
 Moderate (> 7–12 drinks per week) | 0.59 | 0.47–0.73 | 0.74 | 0.65–0.85 |
 Heavy (> 12 drinks per week) | 0.51 | 0.43–0.60 | 0.69 | 0.62–0.78 |
Non-injected illicit drug use | 0.68 | 0.61–0.76 | 0.93 | 0.87–0.99 |
Injected illicit drug use (vs. Never) | ||||
 Former | 0.94 | 0.84–1.06 | 0.91 | 0.86–0.97 |
 Current | 0.38 | 0.30–0.49 | 0.50 | 0.41–0.61 |
Medical injection experiences | ||||
Insulin use (medical injection; vs. Never) | ||||
  Former | 1.00 | 0.77–1.29 | 1.15 | 1.00–1.31 |
  Current | 1.01 | 0.76–1.35 | 1.15 | 0.99–1.33 |
Depo medroxyprogesterone acetate use (medical injection; vs. Never) | ||||
  Former | 0.92 | 0.81–1.05 | 1.05 | 0.98–1.12 |
  Current | 1.87 | 1.39–2.53 | 1.28 | 1.12–1.46 |
ART adherence characteristics | ||||
Cumulative time on ART > cumulative time off ART | 1.32 | 1.12–1.56 | 0.82 | 0.74–0.91 |
Type of regimen switch (vs. same regimen as previous visit) | ||||
 Re-start (off ART at previous visit) | 0.62 | 0.52–0.74 | 0.38 | 0.34–0.43 |
 Switch (different regimen than previous visit) | 0.83 | 0.72–0.95 | 0.56 | 0.52–0.60 |