Table 3 IPV experience by pregnancy loss (n = 4167)
Factor group | Variable | Class | Pregnancy loss | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | P-Value | |||
No (%) | No (%) | ||||
Exposure variables | IPV | No | 2401 (64.9) | 260 (55.6) | 0.009 |
Yes | 1299 (35.1) | 207 (44.4) | |||
Partner Controlling Behaviour | None | 1629 (44.0) | 166 (35.5) | 0.081 | |
Single act | 929 (25.1) | 131 (28.1) | |||
Multiple acts | 1142 (30.9) | 170 (36.4) | |||
Maternal characteristics | Current age | 15–19 | 152 (4.1) | 12 (2.6) | 0.001 |
20–24 | 526 (14.2) | 47 (10.1) | |||
25–29 | 862 (23.3) | 71 (15.2) | |||
30–34 | 779 (21.0) | 106 (22.7) | |||
35–39 | 645 (17.4) | 89 (19.0) | |||
40–44 | 419 (11.3) | 78 (16.8) | |||
45–49 | 317 (8.6) | 64 (13.7) | |||
Age at first cohabitation | < 15 years | 963 (26.0) | 148 (31.7) | 0.184 | |
15–18 years | 1381 (37.3) | 158 (33.9) | |||
> = 18 years | 1356 (36.7) | 161 (34.4) | |||
Educational status | No education | 2346 (63.4) | 304 (65.1) | 0.836 | |
Primary | 961 (26.0) | 119 (25.5) | |||
Secondary+ | 393 (10.6) | 44 (9.4) | |||
Employment status | Not employed | 1830 (49.4) | 193 (41.4) | 0.033 | |
Employed | 1870 (50.6) | 274 (58.6) | |||
Religion | Christian | 2391 (64.6) | 327 (69.9) | 0.248 | |
Muslim | 1242 (33.6) | 133 (28.4) | |||
Other | 67 (1.8) | 8 (1.7) | |||
Type of place of residence | Urban | 630 (17.0) | 89 (19.1) | 0.465 | |
Rural | 3070 (83.0) | 378 (80.9) | |||
Decision-making autonomy | No | 1450 (39.2) | 181 (38.7) | 0.886 | |
Yes | 2250 (60.8) | 287 (61.3) | |||
Maternal characteristics | Region of residence | Tigray | 241 (6.5) | 46 (9.8) | 0.004Â¥ |
Afar | 33 (0.9) | 5 (1.1) | |||
Amhara | 833 (22.5) | 133 (28.5) | |||
Oromia | 1517 (41.0) | 143 (30.5) | |||
Somali | 109 (2.9) | 14 (3.0) | |||
Benishangul | 39 (1.0) | 2 (0.5) | |||
SNNPR | 790 (21.3) | 95 (20.4) | |||
Gambela | 11 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | |||
Harari | 8 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | |||
Addis Ababa | 104 (2.8) | 24 (5.1) | |||
Dire Dawa | 16 (0.4) | 4 (0.7) | |||
Number of children ever born | One or less | 688 (18.6) | 89 (19.1) | 0.070 | |
Two-three | 1079 (29.2) | 102 (21.9) | |||
Four or more | 1933 (52.2) | 276 (59.0) | |||
Substance abuse | No | 1938 (52.4) | 233 (49.8) | 0.477 | |
Yes | 1762 (47.6) | 234 (50.2) | |||
Pregnancy intention* | Intended | 2010 (74.3) | 171 (64.7) | 0.007 | |
Unintended | 694 (25.7) | 94 (35.3) | |||
Household characteristics | Wealth index | Poorest | 702 (19.0) | 104 (22.2) | 0.430 |
Poorer | 705 (19.0) | 94 (20.2) | |||
Middle | 792 (21.4) | 91 (19.4) | |||
Richer | 719 (19.4) | 70 (15.1) | |||
Richest | 782 (21.1) | 108 (23.2) | |||
Access to media | No access | 2360 (63.8) | 271 (57.9) | 0.238 | |
< once a week | 532 (14.4) | 79 (16.9) | |||
> = once a week | 808 (21.8) | 118 (25.2) | |||