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Table 1 Plasma levels of novel biomarkers for dysplipidemia and dysbiosis during the follicular, ovulatory and luteal phase of 30 menstrual cycles in 17 regularly menstruating women

From: Variations in biomarkers of dyslipidemia and dysbiosis during the menstrual cycle: a pilot study in healthy volunteers

Parameter

Follicular phase

Mean ± SD

Median

Ovulatory phase

Mean ± SD

Median

Luteal phase

Mean ± SD

Median

TMAO (ng/µL)

0.35 (± 0.33)

0.25

0.31 (± 0.24)

0.21

0.25 (± 0.14)

0.22

Betaine (ng/µL)

3.99 (± 10.7)

4.11

4.20 (± 1.01)

4.13

3.81 (± 1.12)

3.67

Choline (ng/µL)

4.98 (± 0.85)

4.79

5.15 (± 0.87)

4.98

4.93 (± 1.00)

4.96

Non-HDL-C (mmol/L)

2.7 (± 0.72)

2.45

2.51 (± 0.64)

2.45

2.60 (± 0.71)

2.60

Remnant-C (mmol/L)

0.33 (± 0.12)

0.30

0.30 (± 0.15)

0.30

0.38 (± 0.17)

0.40

ApoB (g/L)

0.80 (± 0.17)

0.75

0.73 (± 0.16)

0.70

0.74 (± 0.18)

0.68

Non-HDL-C/HDL

1.56 (± 0.63)

1.36

1.40 (± 0.67)

1.24

1.40 (± 0.59)

1.27

ApoB/HDL

0.46 (± 0.17)

0.40

0.41 (± 0.18)

0.38

0.40 (± 0.15)

0.36

Remnant-C/HDL

0.19 (± 0.12)

0.17

0.17 (± 0.12)

0.15

0.21 (± 0.12)

0.19

  1. TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide; non-HDL-C, non-High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol; remnant-C, remnant-Cholesterol; ApoB, Apolipoprotein B