Harmful alcohol use among mothers of under-five child: findings from the Panel Study on Korean Children

BMC Women's Health

Table 1 Change of demographic and behavioral characteristics of 2,150 mothers of Panel Study on Korean Children, 2008–2011

Variables	2008, 1st year of survey	Weighted value
Age, mean ± SD	31.3 ± 3.7	31.4 ± 0.1
Age of partner, mean ± SD	33.9 ± 4.0	33.9 ± 0.1
Highest education
High school or lower, N (%)	644 (30.9)	136,231 (30.9)
Highest education of partner
High school or lower education, N (%)	636 (31.0)	136,354 (31.0)
Preterm baby, N (%)	90 (4.5)	19,705 (4.5)

Year of survey	2008	2009	2010	2011	P for trend^b
Year of survey	N (weighted %)	N (weighted %)	N (weighted %)	N (weighted %)	P for trend^b
Employed mothers	656 (31.5)	522 (27.3)	554 (30.4)	641 (35.1)	0.010
Monthly household income^a
< 3,442 USD	1,663 (80.8)	1,712 (77.2)	1,706 (75.2)	1,567 (69.1)	< .001
3,442–6,885 USD	377 (18.0)	354 (19.3)	385 (19.3)	525 (27.8)	0.673
> 6,885 USD	25 (1.3)	73 (3.5)	58 (3.5)	57 (3.1)	–
Plan for additional childbirth	577 (27.9)	658 (35.0)	557 (31.8)	343 (19.5)	< .001
Psychological stress related with childcare
1st quartile	728 (34.1)	542 (28.6)	432 (24.1)	452 (25.7)	–
2nd quartile	450 (22.2)	441 (23.2)	442 (24.7)	392 (22.0)	0.001
3rd quartile	439 (21.1)	435 (23.3)	417 (22.9)	389 (22.3)	0.001
4th quartile	461 (22.6)	486 (24.9)	511 (28.4)	521 (30.0)	< .001
Low K-ASQ score^c
Communication	70 (3.7)	20 (1.2)	92 (5.2)	–	0.039
Fine motor skills	12 (0.4)	34 (2.0)	30 (1.7)	–	< .001
Gross motor skills	7 (0.3)	93 (5.3)	32 (2.1)	–	< 0.001
Personal and social skills	24 (1.2)	40 (2.0)	17 (1.2)	–	0.967
Problem-solving ability	34 (1.6)	45 (2.7)	28 (1.5)	–	0.931

SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error; K-ASQ, Korean-Ages & Stages Questionnaire
^aConverted from Korean Won to U.S. dollar ($) based on the exchange rate in 2011 (1151.8 KW = 1 USD)
^bP values for trend were calculated with the annual weighted prevalence
^cProportion of children whose score of the domain less than 2 standard deviation, higher score indicates better performance. There are 777 missing cases (12.2%). The K-ASQ was not administered in 2011. Sum of column frequency may not be equal to 1 due to missing cases. Annual prevalence of harmful alcohol use increased from 0.7% in the 1st year to 2.6% in the 4th year (P < 0.001 for linear trend, Fig. 1). Harmful alcohol use of their partners increased from 16.8% in the 1st year to 22.1% in the 4th year (P < 0.001). Prevalence of current smoking remained as low as 0.8―1.2% throughout the study period (P = 0.216). Similarly, the prevalence of current smoking among their partners ranged between 50.9 and 53.4% without a significant linear trend

ISSN: 1472-6874