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Table 1 Demographic characteristics (N = 492)

From: Individual, family, and community factors related to loneliness in mothers raising children less than 3 years of age: a cross-sectional study

 

Total

Low social network (isolated)

High social network (non-isolated)

p-value*

n or (%)

n or (%)

n or (%)

Mean ± or SD

Mean ± or SD

Mean ± or SD

N (%)

492 (100.0)

171 (100.0)

321 (100.0)

 

Age (years)

33.2 ± 4.8

33.0 ± 4.8

33.5 ± 5.0

 

Family structure

    

Nuclear family

446 (90.7)

156 (91.2)

290 (90.3)

0.049

Extended family

10 (2.0)

6 (3.5)

26 (8.1)

 

Single-parent family

2 (0.4)

8 (4.7)

4 (1.2)

 

Others

2 (0.4)

1 (0.6)

1 (0.3)

 

Employment status

    

Housewife

217 (44.1)

78 (45.6)

139 (43.3)

0.710

Full-time office worker

174 (35.4)

61 (35.7)

113 (35.2)

 

Part-time worker

14 (2.8)

15 (8.8)

43 (13.4)

 

Contract/temporary worker

58 (11.8)

8 (4.7)

12 (3.7)

 

Self-employed

20 (4.1)

6 (3.5)

8 (2.5)

 

Others

7 (1.4)

2 (1.2)

5 (1.6)

 

Missing

2 (0.4)

1 (0.6)

1 (0.3)

 

Number of years of residence

    

 < 1 year

54 (11.0)

19 (11.1)

35 (10.9)

0.097

1 and < 5 years

220 (44.7)

84 (49.1)

136 (42.4)

 

5 and < 10 years

99 (20.1)

37 (21.6)

62 (19.3)

 

Over 10 years

116 (23.6)

29 (17.0)

87 (27.1)

 

Missing

3 (0.6)

2 (1.2)

1 (0.3)

 

Age of children eligible for health screening

    

0 years old

178 (36.2)

69 (40.4)

109 (34.0)

0.542

1 year old

163 (33.1)

51 (29.8)

112 (34.9)

 

2 years old

8 (1.6)

3 (1.8)

5 (1.6)

 

3 years old

137 (27.8)

47 (27.5)

90 (28.0)

 

Missing

6 (1.2)

1 (0.6)

5 (1.6)

 

Number of children

    

One

208 (42.3)

75 (43.9)

133 (41.4)

0.838

Two

218 (44.3)

76 (44.4)

142 (44.2)

 

Three

58 (11.8)

18 (10.5)

40 (12.5)

 

Four and more

8 (1.6)

2 (1.2)

6 (1.9)

 

Missing

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 

Employment status of spouse/partner

    

Full-time office worker

436 (88.6)

150 (87.7)

286 (89.1)

0.234

Self-employed

31 (6.3)

10 (5.8)

21 (6.5)

 

Contract/temporary worker

6 (1.2)

4 (2.3)

2 (0.6)

 

Part-time worker

4 (0.8)

0 (0.0)

4 (1.2)

 

House husband

1 (0.2)

1 (0.6)

0 (0.0)

 

Others

3 (0.6)

1 (0.6)

2 (0.6)

 

Missing

11 (2.2)

5 (2.9)

6 (1.9)

 
  1. *Chi-square test, t-test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey post hoc analysis