Table 3 Multivariate Relationship between the Predictors and Cervical Cancer Screening

Age groups

 21–29

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

 30–39

1.21 (0.73–1.98)

2.67 (0.81–8.73)

1.03 (0.59–1.78)

 40–49

1.03 (0.61–1.72)

1.51 (0.47–4.88)

0.95 (0.53–1.69)

 50–59

0.57 (0.32–1.01)

0.71 (0.20–2.53)

0.54 (0.28–1.03)

 60–65

0.72 (0.31–1.64)

0.60 (0.09–3.71)

0.74 (0.29–1.90)

Race/ethnicity

 White

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

 Black

0.67 (0.38–1.18)

0.66 (0.17–2.54)

0.71 (0.37–1.34)

 Hispanic

3.38 (2.03–5.64)***

3.25 (1.07–9.90)*

3.96 (2.14–7.35)***

 Asian and Pacific Islanders

0.68 (0.44–1.04)

1.05 (0.31–3.47)

0.61(0.38–0.98)*

State of residence

 California

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

 Florida

1.33 (0.63–2.82)

4.40 (0.49–39.24)

0.95 (0.40–2.23)

 Illinois

0.62(0.32–1.18)

0.32 (0.08–1.28)

0.69 (0.33–1.43)

 New York

0.72 (0.36–1.45)

1.92 (0.33–11.01)

0.55 (0.25–1.23)

 New Jersey

0.67 (0.36–1.26)

0.34 (0.10–1.13)

0.81 (0.39–1.68)

 Texas

0.43(0.23–0.709)**

0.33 (0.11–0.98)*

0.42 (0.19–0.92)*

 Other

0.63 (0.41–0.98)*

0.84 (0.33–2.15)

0.57 (0.34–0.96)*

Education status

 Less than BA

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

 BA degree or higher

1.32 (0.91–1.92)

1.03 (0.40–2.65)

1.35 (0.88–2.06)

English proficiency

 Not well

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

 Very well

1.54 (1.06–2.25)

0.83 (0.36–1.88)

1.78 (1.15–2.76)**

Years lived in the U.S

 Less than 10 years

0.53 (0.35–0.79)*

–

–

 10 years or longer

1 (ref)

–

–

Having health insurance

 No

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

 Yes

2.16 (1.55–2.01)***

3.44 (1.53–7.70)**

1.95 (1.34–2.84)***

Number of diagnoses

 0

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

 1 or more

2.08 (1.22–3.54)**

1.06 (0.39–2.88)

2.62(1.39–4.94)**

Engagement in medical tourism

 No

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

 Yes

2.18 (1.11–4.26)*

2.78 (0.57–13.45)

2.19 (1.03–4.56)*

Intercept

2.34 (1.10–4.96)*

1.82 (0.35–9.45)

1.40 (0.68–2.88)

Pseudo R²

0.1531

0.1499

0.1284