Table 1 Independent t-test and one way ANOVA of the parenting self-efficacy according to general characteristics (N = 298)
Characteristics | Categories | n (%) | Parenting self-efficacy | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
M ± SD | t or F (p) | |||
Age of mother (yrs) | 20–29 | 25 (8.4) | 31.76 ± 5.07 | 0.22 (.800) |
30–39 | 247 (82.9) | 31.85 ± 4.03 | ||
40–49 | 26 (8.7) | 32.38 ± 2.68 | ||
Parity | Primipara | 176 (59.1) | 31.69 ± 3.82 | − 0.99 (.321) |
Multipara | 122 (40.9) | 32.16 ± 4.29 | ||
Age of last child | 1–12 | 109 (36.6) | 32.01 ± 4.35 | 0.08 (.920) |
(months) | 13–24 | 120 (40.3) | 31.83 ± 3.99 | |
(M ± SD, 17.12 ± 9.45) | 25–36 | 69 (23.2) | 31.78 ± 3.55 | |
Family type | Nuclear | 260 (87.2) | 31.83 ± 3.86 | − 0.58 (.565) |
Extended | 38 (12.8) | 32.24 ± 5.04 | ||
Primary caregiver | Herself | 189 (63.4) | 32.26 ± 3.86 | 2.16 (.032) |
Others | 109 (36.6) | 31.23 ± 4.22 | ||
Household income* | < 400 | 61 (20.5) | 31.20 ± 4.02 | 1.81 (.166) |
(10,000won/month) | 400–600 | 131 (44.1) | 32.34 ± 4.35 | |
≥ 600 | 105 (35.4) | 31.72 ± 3.54 | ||
Education | High school | 28 (9.4) | 32.39 ± 3.55 | 0.26 (.853) |
College | 53 (17.8) | 31.63 ± 4.20 | ||
University | 172 (57.7) | 31.84 ± 4.07 | ||
Graduate school | 45 (15.1) | 32.07 ± 3.97 | ||
Occupation | Self-employment | 13 (4.4) | 32.85 ± 3.13 | 1.85 (.120) |
Service/Sales | 29 (9.7) | 32.41 ± 4.65 | ||
Office worker | 107 (35.9) | 31.45 ± 3.99 | ||
Profession | 134 (45.0) | 31.78 ± 4.02 | ||
Others | 15 (5.0) | 34.13 ± 2.83 | ||
Duration of employment | < 5 | 124 (41.9) | 32.60 ± 4.09a | 3.82 (.023) |
(yrs) | 5–10 | 112 (37.8) | 31.49 ± 3.84b | a > b |
≥ 10 | 60 (20.3) | 31.07 ± 4.05b | ||
Stability of employment | Yes | 191 (64.1) | 31.84 ± 3.99 | − 0.25 (.806) |
No | 107 (35.9) | 31.96 ± 4.10 | ||