Table 4 Hierarchical multiple regression of the factors influencing parenting self-efficacy of working mothers (N = 298)
Categories | Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | SD | β | t (p) | B | SD | β | t (p) | B | SD | β | t (p) | B | SD | β | t (p) | ||
Constant | 31.96 | 0.50 | 63.50 (< .001) | 29.23 | 1.80 | 16.26 (< .001) | 22.78 | 2.76 | 8.27 (< .001) | 22.97 | 2.75 | 8.37 (< .001) | |||||
General characteristics | Primary caregiver—herself* | 0.90 | 0.50 | .11 | 1.80 (.072) | 1.00 | 0.47 | .12 | 2.12 (.035) | 1.04 | 0.47 | .12 | 2.21 (.028) | 1.08 | 0.47 | .13 | 2.31 (.022) |
Duration of employment 5–10§ | − 1.04 | 0.54 | –.12 | − 1.94 (.053) | − 1.19 | 0.49 | –.14 | − 2.42 (.016) | − 1.24 | 0.48 | –.15 | − 2.57 (.011) | − 0.96 | 0.51 | –.11 | − 1.88 (.061) | |
Duration of employment ≥ 10§ | − 1.54 | 0.65 | –.15 | − 2.36 (.019) | − 1.37 | 0.60 | –.14 | − 2.30 (.022) | − 1.40 | 0.59 | –.14 | − 2.39 (.017) | − 1.09 | 0.61 | –.11 | − 1.80 (.074) | |
Individual level | Perceived health status | 0.08 | 0.11 | .04 | 0.71 (.481) | 0.07 | 0.11 | .04 | 0.64 (.520) | 0.07 | 0.11 | .04 | 0.59 (.554) | ||||
Maternal role satisfaction | 0.76 | 0.14 | .33 | 5.36 (< .001) | 0.65 | 0.14 | .28 | 4.56 (< .001) | 0.63 | 0.14 | .27 | 4.45 (< .001) | |||||
Parenting stress | − 0.02 | 0.01 | –.12 | − 2.02 (.045) | − 0.01 | 0.01 | –.02 | − 0.27 (.786) | − 0.01 | 0.01 | –.03 | − 0.45 (.650) | |||||
Micro-system level | Work-parent role conflict | − 0.03 | 0.04 | –.05 | − 0.80 (.423) | − 0.24 | 0.04 | –.04 | − 0.61 (.541) | ||||||||
Parenting support by spouse | 0.08 | 0.03 | .18 | 3.02 (.003) | 0.08 | 0.03 | .19 | 3.09 (.002) | |||||||||
Social support | 0.03 | 0.03 | .07 | 1.10 (.285) | 0.04 | 0.03 | .08 | 1.23 (.220) | |||||||||
Exo-system level | Workplace system | − 0.24 | 0.13 | –.10 | − 1.79 (.074) | ||||||||||||
R | .196 | .454 | .499 | .507 | |||||||||||||
R2 | .038 | .206 | .249 | .258 | |||||||||||||
Adjusted R2 | .028 | .189 | .224 | .230 | |||||||||||||
F (p) | 3.73 (.012) | 12.02 (< .001) | 10.12 (< .001) | 9.50 (< .001) | |||||||||||||