Table 2 Multivariable multilevel logistic regression model results of IPV in East African countries recent demographic and health surveys from 2012 to 2018
Variable | Null model | Model I (AOR, 95% CI) | Model II (AOR, 95% CI) | Model III (AOR, 95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Residence | ||||
Urban | 1 | 1 | ||
Rural | 1.22 (1.12, 1.31) | 1.16 (1.14, 1.47) | ||
Community media exposure | ||||
Lower | 1 | 1 | ||
Higher | 0.99 (0.93, 1.06) | 1.13 (0.89, 1.44) | ||
Community paternal education | ||||
Lower | 1 | 1 | ||
Higher | 1.11 (1.04, 1.20) | 0.95 (0.75, 1.21) | ||
Woman’s age | ||||
15–19 | 1 | 1 | ||
20–24 | 0.97 (0.74, 1.28) | 0.98 (0.75, 1.29) | ||
25–29 | 0.98 (0.72, 1.35) | 0.99 (0.73, 1.36) | ||
30–34 | 0.82 (0.56, 1.18) | 0.82 (0.56, 1.19) | ||
35–39 | 0.69 (0.44, 1.11) | 0.70 (0.44, 1.12) | ||
40–44 | 0.89 (0.47, 1.69) | 0.91 (0.49, 1.72) | ||
45–49 | 1.13 (0.41, 3.04) | 1.09 (0.40, 2.93) | ||
Women’s education | ||||
No education | 1 | 1 | ||
Primary | 0.88 (0.71, 1.01) | 0.83 (0.66, 1.05) | ||
Secondary | 0.74 (0.55, 1.01) | 0.68 (0.49, 0.94) | ||
Higher | 0.76 (0.40, 1.44) | 0.69 (0.36, 1.32) | ||
Sex of household head | ||||
Male | 1 | 1 | ||
Female | 0.77 (0.61, 0.96) | 0.77 (0.61, 0.97) | ||
Age of household head | 1.01 (0.99, 1.02) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.02) | ||
Wealth index | ||||
Poorest | 1 | 1 | ||
Poorer | 0.88 (0.70, 1.12) | 0.88 (0.70, 1.12) | ||
Middle | 1.15 (0.90, 1.47) | 1.15 (0.90, 1.47) | ||
Richer | 0.94 (0.72, 1.22) | 0.94 (0.72, 1.24) | ||
Richest | 0.71 (0.51, 0.97) | 0.71 (0.50, 1.01) | ||
Number of children | 1.03 (0.96, 1.09) | 1.02 (0.96, 1.09) | ||
Current pregnancy wanted | ||||
Then | 1 | 1 | ||
Later | 1.24 (1.04, 1.49) | 1.24 (1.04, 1.49) | ||
Not at all | 1.36 (0.98, 1.89) | 1.37 (1.01, 1.91) | ||
Paternal education | ||||
No education | 1 | 1 | ||
Primary | 1.13 (0.89, 1.45) | 1.11 (0.87, 1.41) | ||
Secondary | 0.95 (0.71, 1.28) | 0.92 (0.68, 1.25) | ||
Higher | 0.84 (0.48, 1.46) | 0.81 (0.46, 1.41) | ||
Don’t know | 0.85 (0.47, 1.54) | 0.81 (0.45, 1.48) | ||
Husband age | 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) | ||
Husband drinks alcohol | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 3.45 (2.90, 4.10) | 3.45 (2.91, 4.11) | ||
Attitude towards wife beat | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 1.70 (1.44, 2.01) | 1.71 (1.45, 2.02) | ||
Husband controlling behavior | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 6.31 (5.18, 7.67) | 6.21 (5.09, 7.56) | ||
Women’s decision-making autonomy on | ||||
Her health care | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 0.82 (0.67, 1.00) | 0.82 (0.66, 0.99) | ||
Major household purchases | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 0.78 (0.64, 0.95) | 0.78 (0.64, 0.95) | ||
Visits to her family | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 1.36 (1.11,1.67) | 1.37 (1.12,1.68) | ||
Model comparison and random effect | ||||
ICC | 0.15 (0.14, 0.16) | |||
Log-likelihood | − 33,873.6 | − 29,241.1 | − 33,831.6 | − 29,216.4 |
Deviance | 67,747.2 | 58,482.2 | 67,663.2 | 58,432.8 |