Table 2 Measure characteristics among included studies (N = 11)
Study | Domain | Recruitment setting | Population description | Survey modality | Survey description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canada | |||||
Bartlett 2020 | Perceptions | Clinic patients at obstetric, midwifery, and primary care practices | English-speaking, pregnant women 19-44 years of age | Online | 15 questions regarding lifetime and prenatal cannabis use, perception of cannabis transmission to fetus, and resources for obtaining cannabis-related information |
Jordan 2020 | Perceptions | Infertility clinic patients | Women with infertility attending the Mount Sinai Fertility Clinic, read English | Written | 33-question regarding cannabis use, perceptions of cannabis effects on fertility and pregnancy, cessation of use due to infertility and previous disclosure of use to health care providers |
Postonogova 2020 | Knowledge, attitudes | University hospital patients who had recently given birth | Women who had vaginal deliveries at the Royal University Hospital | Written | Questions assessed satisfaction with labor analgesia received, prior experiences with and knowledge of medical marijuana, attitudes towards non-medical use of marijuana, and attitudes and concerns about medical use of marijuana during labor |
United States | |||||
Bayrampour 2019 | Knowledge, perceptions | Integrative Review (EDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and CINAHL) | Quantitative and qualitative studies investigating pregnant or postpartum women’s knowledge, perceptions, and perspectives about cannabis use | N/A | N/A (Review) |
Beatty 2012 | Perceptions | Hospital patients in a large urban hospital, shortly after giving birth, and after having slept. | Women ≥ 18 years of age, did not receive narcotic pain medication postpartum, and reported one or more in the month prior to pregnancy: illicit drug use, binge drinking, or smoking ≥ 10 cigarettes/day | Online | 15 items examining risk perceptions and costs of prenatal marijuana and tobacco use, including ordering the “most harmful” substance during pregnancy, perceptions of safe amounts of use, and peer risk perceptions. Perceived financial costs, including most expensive substance, and how amount spent daily on these substances. |
Coy 2021 | Perceptions | Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) Marijuana Supplement | Women with a recent live birth and complete information about postpartum marijuana safety perceptions and use, breastfeeding initiation, and duration. Infants were ≥ 12 weeks old at time of survey; annual response rate threshold of 55% | Written; follow-up: phone | PRAMS Marijuana Supplement, which includes questions about marijuana use, safety perceptions, and prenatal care provider’s screening and recommendation of marijuana use. Safety perceptions were assessed by the following question: “How long do you think it is necessary for a woman to wait after using marijuana to breastfeed her baby? |
Hayaki 2010 | Perceptions | Primary care clinics, college campuses, community health centers, and businesses | English speaking, non-pregnant women 18–24 years of age who were not seeking treatment for marijuana use but had at least monthly marijuana use in the past 3 months and had sexual activity in the past 3 months. | Interview/verbal | Marijuana use severity and associated negative consequences on the Substance Use Disorders section of the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-I). Marijuana Effect Expectancies Questionnaire, which assesses 6 expectancy domains: relaxation/tension reduction; perceptual/cognitive enhancement; craving/physical effects; and global negative effects. |
Lynn 2019 | Perceptions | Clinic patients | Women ≥ 18 years of age, presenting for gynecologic care | Written | Sexual Health Survey (developed for this study). Questions about marijuana were embedded deep into the questionnaire. Frequency of marijuana use was dichotomized into frequent (once a week, several times a day) and infrequent (several times a year, once a year). |
Mark 2017 | Motivations, Intentions, knowledge | Clinic patients | Pregnant women who could read English | Written | 26 items on frequency and quantity of cannabis use before and during pregnancy, intentions to use during the remainder of their pregnancy and postpartum, knowledge of harms (prenatal), and possible motivations to quit (for those indicating cessation or intention to quit). Motivations to quit items were modified from Chauchard et al. (2013) to apply to pregnancy. Cannabis use intentions if it were to be legalized were modeled after Fetherston and Lenton’s (2005) survey. |
Ng 2020 | Attitudes, Perceptions | Clinic patients | Pregnant women from various practices (a mix of commercial insured, Medicaid, and uninsured patients), presenting for prenatal or ultrasound visit | Written | 6 questions about current and prior tobacco and marijuana use, including prenatal use, and frequency of use; 5 questions regarding marijuana legalization (support for recreational and medical legalization, how legalization may impact use); 5 questions queried perceptions about risks, including potential harm to pregnancy, growth restriction, preterm birth, and learning disabilities. |
Odom 2020 | Perceptions | Women surveyed in the 2015-2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) | Pregnant women 14–44 years of age at the time of survey | Online | Perceived Risk of weekly cannabis use was defined by recoding the original variable “perceived risk of smoking cannabis once or twice a week” into a binary variable (no risk/ do not know of any risks vs. any risk). Past 30-day cannabis use and frequency of past 30-day cannabis via mean number of days of use. |