Exposure to violence, adverse life events and the mental health of adolescent girls in Nairobi slums

Wado, Yohannes Dibaba; Austrian, Karen; Abuya, Benta A.; Kangwana, Beth; Maddox, Nicole; Kabiru, Caroline W.

doi:10.1186/s12905-022-01735-9

BMC Women's Health

Table 2 Percentage of adolescents reporting depressive symptoms by socio-demographic characteristics and other risk factors, Kibera, Nairobi

From: Exposure to violence, adverse life events and the mental health of adolescent girls in Nairobi slums

Variables	No depressive symptoms		Depressive symptoms		Total	P-Value
Variables	n	%	n	%	N	P-Value
Age of the respondent*						0.0221
12–14	159	89.3	19	10.7	178
15–17	1347	87.0	202	13.0	1549
18–19	317	843	59	15.7	376
Current school attendance						0.270
Yes	1448	86.3	230	13.7	1678
No	378	88.3	50	11.7	428
Highest level of education
Primary	291	92.7	23	7.3	314	0.003
Secondary	1471	85.7	245	14.3	1716
None or missing education	64	84.2	12	15.6	76
Living arrangement
Living with parents	640	85.5	109	14.5	749	0.168
Board at school	766	86.5	120	13.5	886
Living elsewhere	420	89.2	51	10.8	471
Worked in the past year
Yes	107	78.7	29	21.3	136	0.004
No	1719	87.3	251	12.7	1970
Neighborhood safety
Safe	1240	89.6	144	10.4	1384	0.001
Not safe	586	81.2	136	18.8	722
Self-efficacy
Low	438	88.3	58	11.7	496	0.079
Medium	951	87.3	138	12.7	1089
High	437	83.9	84	16.2	521
Parental connectedness (mother)
Very close	1446	89.0	179	11.0	1625	0.001
Somewhat close	210	80.2	52	19.8	262
Not close/no mother	170	77.6	4f9	22.4	219
Parental connectedness (father)
Very close	411	85.6	69	14.4	480	0. 341
Somewhat close	399	88.5	52	11.5	451
Not close/no parent	1106	86.5	159	13.5	1175
Has female friend who can provide help or advice when needed
Yes	1509	86.0	245	14.0	1754	0.042
No	317	90.1	35	9.9	352
Has female adult who can provide help or advice when needed
Yes	1259	86.1	204	13.9	1463	0.186
No	567	88.2	76	11.8	643
Experience of any form of violence in the past year(physical or sexual)
No	1492	91.1	146	8.9	1638	0.000
Yes	334	71.4	134	28.6	468
Adverse event in the in past year
None	990	88.0	135	12.0	1125	0.046
One or more	836	83.6	145	14.8	981
Household food insecurity
Food secure	957	87.8	128	12.2	1085	0.023
Food insecure	869	84.4	152	15.6	1021
Project intervention arms
Violence prevention only	414	85.5	70	14.5	484	0.217
Violence prevention + Education	469	88.8	59	11.2	528
Violence prevention + Education + Health	468	87.6	66	12.4	534
Violence prevention + Education + Health + Wealth	452	85.0	80	15.0	532
Total	1826	86.2	280	13.3	2106

*Age missing for 3 respondents

Back to article page

ISSN: 1472-6874

Contact us

Submission enquiries: bmcwomenshealth@biomedcentral.com
General enquiries: ORSupport@springernature.com