Table 4 Distribution of selected variables according to violence during pregnancy among women in Kenya (2014), weighted
From: Intimate partner violence among pregnant women in Kenya: forms, perpetrators and associations
Variable | Violence during pregnancy (n = 397) | No violence during pregnancy (n = 3914) | p-value | Chi-square or t-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (mean) | 32.1 (8.0) | 31.5 (8.0) | 0.158 | 1.413 |
Age in 5-year-group | ||||
15–19 | 2.3 | 4.0 | 0.103 | 10.551 |
20–24 | 17.4 | 17.0 |  |  |
25–29 | 29.0 | 24.2 |  |  |
30–34 | 16.8 | 18.4 |  |  |
35–39 | 14.0 | 15.5 |  |  |
40–44 | 9.7 | 12.1 |  |  |
45–49 | 10.7 | 8.7 |  |  |
Age at first cohabitation | ||||
\(\le\) 14 | 9.4 | 7.6 | < 0.001 | − 4.666 |
15–17 | 28.3 | 23.9 |  |  |
18+ | 58.2 | 58.9 | Â | Â |
Age at sexual debut | ||||
\(\le\) 14 | 18.4 | 13.3 | 0.080 | -1.754 |
15–17 | 27.1 | 24.3 |  |  |
18+ | 47.0 | 53.4 | Â | Â |
Religion | ||||
Roman Catholic | 18.8 | 20.2 | 0.084 | 7.948 |
Protestant, other Christian | 75.3 | 70.1 | Â | Â |
Muslim | 3.8 | 6.5 | Â | Â |
No religion | 2.1 | 2.8 | Â | Â |
Other religion | 0.1 | 0.4 | Â | Â |
Residence | ||||
Urban | 42.4 | 39.9 | 0.366 | 0.816 |
Rural | 57.6 | 60.1 | Â | Â |
Region | ||||
Central | 5.7 | 13.7 | < 0.001 | 105.050 |
Eastern | 17.3 | 27.8 | Â | Â |
Western | 55.5 | 48.7 | Â | Â |
Nairobi | 21.6 | 9.8 | Â | Â |
Marital status | ||||
Married or living together | 61.3 | 77.2 | < 0.001 | 200.750 |
Divorced, separated, widowed | 18.6 | 13.2 | Â | Â |
Number of living children | ||||
0 | 1.5 | 3.3 | 0.004 | 3.128 |
1–2 | 41.3 | 46.3 |  |  |
3–4 | 33.8 | 28.9 |  |  |
5+ | 23.4 | 21.6 | Â | Â |
Employment (yes) | 77.4 | 71.6 | 0.015 | 5.910 |
Education | ||||
No education | 6.2 | 8.8 | < 0.001 | 18.490 |
Primary | 65.2 | 55.1 | Â | Â |
Secondary or higher | 28.7 | 36.1 | Â | Â |
Wealth quintile | ||||
Poorer or poorest | 40.4 | 35.4 | < 0.001 | 24.135 |
Middle | 17.8 | 19.5 | Â | Â |
Richer or richest | 41.8 | 45.1 | Â | Â |
Woman afraid of partner | ||||
Never | 34.9 | 60.1 | < 0.001 | 195.320 |
Sometimes | 29.7 | 20.9 | Â | Â |
Most of the time | 31.3 | 9.3 | Â | Â |
Timing of first violence after marriage | ||||
0Â year | 16.1 | 4.3 | < 0.001 | 4.047 |
1–2 years | 26.4 | 10.4 |  |  |
3–4 years | 16.7 | 6.5 |  |  |
5–10 years | 14.7 | 8.0 |  |  |
11+Â years | 5.3 | 2.2 | Â | Â |
Woman’s father beat mother | 42.0 | 37.1 | 0.163 | 3.631 |
Partner’s age | ||||
15–24 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 0.075 | 1.787 |
25–34 | 22.9 | 27.6 |  |  |
35+ | 35.8 | 46.8 | Â | Â |
Partner’s education | ||||
No education | 5.4 | 6.8 | 0.027 | 9.815 |
Primary | 49.1 | 42.1 | Â | Â |
Secondary or higher | 43.1 | 44.7 | Â | Â |
Partner working | ||||
Did not work | 1.6 | 1.4 | 0.010 | 18.401 |
Professional, technical, managerial or clerical or services | 25.5 | 24.4 | Â | Â |
Manual or agricultural or household and domestic | 72.8 | 74.0 | Â | Â |
Partner’s alcohol consumption | ||||
Never | 0.0 | 0.3 | < 0.001 | 91.103 |
Often | 35.9 | 10.3 | Â | Â |
Sometimes | 18.0 | 21.0 | Â | Â |
Total 15–49 years | 391 | 3914 |  |  |