Table 5 Distribution of selected variables according to emotional violence among women in Kenya (2014), weighted
From: Intimate partner violence among pregnant women in Kenya: forms, perpetrators and associations
Variable | Emotional violence (n = 1301) | No emotional violence (n = 2717) | No violence in any form (n = 2008) | p-value | Chi-square or t-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (mean) | 32.7 (8.0) | 31.2 (7.9) | 31.3 (7.8) | < 0.001 | − 5.644 |
Age in 5-year-group | |||||
15–19 | 1.6 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 0.001 | 21.804 |
20–24 | 13.7 | 17.2 | 17.1 |  |  |
25–29 | 25.2 | 24.8 | 24.3 |  |  |
30–34 | 19.2 | 18.8 | 19.1 |  |  |
35–39 | 16.9 | 15.2 | 15.6 |  |  |
40–44 | 13.2 | 12.0 | 12.6 |  |  |
45–49 | 10.3 | 8.6 | 8.5 |  |  |
Age at first cohabitation | |||||
\(\le\) 14 | 9.8 | 7.7 | 7.7 | < 0.001 | 3.836 |
15–17 | 28.9 | 25.5 | 24.5 |  |  |
18+ | 61.4 | 66.8 | 67.8 | Â | Â |
Age at sexual debut | |||||
\(\le\) 14 | 17.1 | 10.9 | 10.4 | < 0.001 | 8.916 |
15–17 | 33.7 | 31.8 | 29.2 |  |  |
18+ | 49.1 | 57.3 | 60.4 | Â | Â |
Religion | |||||
Roman Catholic | 18.7 | 19.9 | 19.4 | < 0.001 | 65.066 |
Protestant, other Christian | 75.8 | 68.5 | 68.1 | Â | Â |
Muslim | 2.4 | 8.8 | 9.6 | Â | Â |
No religion | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.6 | Â | Â |
Other religion | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.3 | Â | Â |
Residence | |||||
Urban | 39.4 | 39.5 | 39.7 | 0.998 | < 0.001 |
Rural | 60.6 | 60.5 | 60.3 | Â | Â |
Region | |||||
Central | 11.0 | 13.8 | 14.3 | < 0.001 | 134.55 |
Eastern | 22.2 | 30.6 | 31.5 | Â | Â |
Western | 53.8 | 46.6 | 46.2 | Â | Â |
Nairobi | 13.0 | 9.0 | 8.0 | Â | Â |
Marital status | |||||
Married or living together | 74.1 | 87.7 | 89.2 | < 0.001 | 192.630 |
Divorced, separated, widowed | 25.9 | 12.3 | 10.8 | Â | Â |
Number of living children | |||||
0 | 3.4 | 5.8 | 3.2 | < 0.001 | 4.494 |
1–2 | 36.8 | 43.4 | 46.2 |  |  |
3–4 | 34.7 | 28.8 | 29.0 |  |  |
5+ | 25.1 | 22.0 | 21.5 | Â | Â |
Employment (yes) | 80.2 | 68.6 | 66.8 | < 0.001 | 59.001 |
Education | |||||
No education | 6.5 | 10.7 | 10.9 | < 0.001 | 29.693 |
Primary | 61.3 | 54.1 | 52.0 | Â | Â |
Secondary or Higher | 32.2 | 35.2 | 37.1 | Â | Â |
Wealth quintile | |||||
Poorer or Poorest | 38.0 | 36.4 | 35.3 | < 0.001 | 35.834 |
Middle | 21.5 | 17.7 | 17.8 | Â | Â |
Richer or Richest | 40.5 | 45.9 | 46.9 | Â | Â |
Woman afraid of partner | |||||
Never | 42.2 | 74.4 | 80.3 | < 0.001 | 456.280 |
Sometimes | 32.8 | 19.2 | 15.5 | Â | Â |
Most of the time | 24.8 | 6.3 | 4.2 | Â | Â |
Timing of first violence after marriage | |||||
0Â year | 11.0 | 3.5 | 0.0 | 0.178 | 35.861 |
1–2 years | 25.2 | 6.9 | 0.0 |  |  |
3–4 years | 16.2 | 4.1 | 0.0 |  |  |
5–10 years | 17.2 | 5.6 | 0.0 |  |  |
11+Â years | 5.4 | 1.3 | 0.0 | Â | Â |
Woman’s father beat mother | 45.3 | 33.8 | 30.5 | < 0.001 | 49.548 |
Partner’s age | |||||
15–24 | 2.2 | 3.2 | 2.8 | < 0.001 | − 4.417 |
25–34 | 23.3 | 33.6 | 32.9 |  |  |
35+ | 47.6 | 50.6 | 53.1 | Â | Â |
Partner’s education | |||||
No education | 4.9 | 8.7 | 8.3 | < 0.001 | 22.457 |
Primary | 50.2 | 45.1 | 43.4 | Â | Â |
Secondary or Higher | 43.8 | 45.3 | 46.9 | Â | Â |
Partner working | |||||
Did not work | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.6 | < 0.001 | 34.689 |
Professional, technical, managerial or clerical or services | 23.7 | 25.4 | 27.1 | Â | Â |
Manual or agricultural or household and domestic | 74.5 | 73.1 | 70.2 | Â | Â |
Partner’s alcohol consumption | |||||
Never | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | < 0.001 | 105.400 |
Often | 25.8 | 7.9 | 5.7 | Â | Â |
Sometimes | 23.5 | 22.3 | 20.4 | Â | Â |
Total 15–49 years | 1301 | 2717 | 2008 |  |  |