Variables | Sub-group | Number of studies | Pooled OR (95%CI) | Heterogeneity tests across the studies | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
I2 (%) | p-value | ||||
Region | Oromia | 4 | 2.14 [1.64–2.79] | 0.00 | 0.418 |
Amhara | 2 | 1.24 [0.46–3.34] | 83.8 | 0.013 | |
Addis Ababa | 1 | 1.11 [0.67–1.81] | - | - | |
Sampling methods | Multistage sampling | 4 | 1.58 [1.14–2.18] | 18.6 | 0.297 |
Simple random sampling | 3 | 1.64 [0.78–3.46] | 85.7 | 0.001 | |
Method of data collection | Self-administered | 5 | 1.60 [0.98–2.62] | 76.9 | 0.002 |
Interviewer administered | 2 | 1.74[1.16–2.60] | 0.00 | 0.427 | |
Sample size | ≤ 500 | 4 | 1.49 [0.91–2.45] | 67.5 | 0.026 |
> 500 | 3 | 1.85 [1.06–3.23] | 72.1 | 0.028 | |
Publication year | 2015–2020 | 4 | 1.78 [1.15–2.76] | 61.8 | 0.049 |
> 2020 | 3 | 1.48 [0.76–2.89] | 78.4 | 0.010 | |
Confounders adjusted in a multivariable model | |||||
Knowledge towards menstruation | Adjusted | 2 | 2.08 [1.42–3.04] | 0.00 | 1.00 |
Not adjusted | 5 | 1.50 [0.92–2.42] | 75.1 | 0.003 | |
Age | Adjusted | 3 | 1.65 [1.03–2.65] | 45.4 | 0.160 |
Not adjusted | 4 | 1.61 [0.94–2.78] | 78.9 | 0.003 | |
Age at menarche | Adjusted | 2 | 1.52 [0.82–2.81] | 67.7 | 0.078 |
Not adjusted | 5 | 1.70 [1.06–2.74] | 72.6 | 0.006 | |
Grade level | Adjusted | 2 | 2.08[1.42–3.04] | 0.00 | 1.00 |
Not adjusted | 5 | 1.50 [0.92–2.42] | 75.1 | 0.003 |