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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study particiants categorized according to the tertiles of healthy beverage index in obese and overweight women (n = 199)

From: The association between Healthy Beverage Index and psychological disorders among overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study

Variables

Tertiles of HBI

T1 (< 63)

N = 72

T2 (63–67)

N = 76

T3 (> 67)

N = 51

P-value

P-value*

Demographic characteristics

     

Age (y)

35.84 (8.55)

36.55 (8.92)

35.46 (8.07)

0.771

0644

IPAQ (MET min-week)

1045.83 (1990.33)

1129.33 (1207.18)

2147.35 (3861.09)

0.044

0.048

Anthropometric and body composition measurements

     

Weight (kg)

80.61 (11.27)

78.73 (13.10)

81.48 (10.08)

0.403

0.102

Height (cm)

161.83 (5.65)

160.32 (5.53)

161.88 (6.17)

0.198

0.149

WC (cm)

93.78 (16.63)

94.16 (10.98)

99.28 (21.61)

0.184

0.148

HC (cm)

114.33 (9.87)

113.25 (10.18)

115.17 (8.63)

0.590

0.697

NC (cm)

36.72 (2.17)

36.55 (2.08)

38.64 (3.20)

0.021

0.066

BFM (%)

33.31 (8.01)

33.10 (9.02)

34.13 (7.10)

0.781

0.639

FFM (%)

47.31 (5.59)a

45.85 (5.74)

47.18 (5.10)

0.229

0.011

BMC (g)

2.73 (0.35)a

2.61 (0.35)

2.69 (0.32)

0.116

0.022

SMM (%)

25.96 (3.31)a

25.14 (3.42)

25.93 (3.04)

0.253

0.011

SLM (%)

44.58 (5.26)a

43.24 (5.43)

43.87 (5.20)

0.315

0.011

BMI (kg/m2)

30.77 (3.98)

30.72 (4.71)

31.07 (3.89)

0.896

0.835

BF (%)

40.93 (5.50)

41.28 (5.16)

41.06 (6.12)

0.926

0.944

WHR

0.93 (0.05)

0.93 (0.05)

0.94 (0.04)

0.249

0.821

FFMI

18.03 (1.54)a

17.82 (1.60)

20.64 (18.60)

0.220

0.036

FMI

12.79 (3.13)

12.91 (3.50)

13.27 (3.19)

0.728

0.929

IW (L)

21.44 (2.54)a

20.84 (2.63)

21.43 (2.31)

0.276

0.037

EW (L)

13.30 (1.59)a

12.91 (1.67)

13.24 (1.46)

0.297

0.024

Blood pressure

     

SBP (mmHg)

113.70 (11.23)

111.41 (14.20)

111.53 (13.53)

0.522

0.205

DBP (mmHg)

79.94 (8.27)

77.35 (11.35)

76.75 (9.65)

0.163

0.269

Biochemical variables

     

FBS (mg/dl)

86.61 (9.96)

86.07 (8.78)

88.42 (10.07)

0.405

0.670

TC (mg/dl)

179.23 (31.21)

181.82 (38.41)

199.06 (40.96)

0.011

0.125

TG (mg/dl)

131.90 (69.16)

112 (55.55)

118.63 (60.76)

0.158

0.089

HDL_C (mg/dl)

44.25 (8.59)a

48.97 (11.35)

44.49 (13.16)

0.019

0.033

LDL_C (mg/dl)

98.96 (21.22)

95.53 (25.98)

81.96 (23.43)b

0.001

0.021

AST (IU/L)

18.07 (7.45)

17.76 (8.10)

17.98 (6.70)

0.968

0.693

ALT (IU/L)

20.31 (13.36)

20 (15.48)

18.38 (10.09)

0.732

0.778

Hs-CRP (mg/l)

5 (5.12)

4.36 (4.77)

3.81 (3.97)

0.420

0.920

Insulin (µU/ml)

1.24 (0.24)

1.22 (0.26)

1.21 (0.20)

0.812

0.579

HOMA index

3.22 (1.33)

3.43 (1.44)

3.64 (1.67)

0.265

0.535

ISQIUKI (mg/l)

0.50 (0.02)

0.50 (0.02)

0.50 (0.03)

0.714

0.865

Economic category

  

0.310

0.081

 

Poor (< 5,000,000 Rials)

26 (49.1)

16 (30.2)

11 (20.8)

  

Moderate

     

(5,000,000–15,000,000 Rials)

26 (34.7)

33 (44)

16 (21.3)

  

Good (> 15,000,000 Rials)

17 (32.7)

20 (38.5)

15 (28.8)

  

Education category

  

0.953

0.377

 

Illiterate

1 (33.3)

1 (33.3)

1 (33.3)

  

Under diploma

8 (38.1)

8 (38.1)

8 (38.1)

  

Diploma

28 (37.8)

25 (33.8)

21 (28.4)

  

Bachelor and higher

34 (35.8)

40 (42.1)

21 (22.1)

  

Marital status

   

0.077

0.009

Single

10 (23.3)

22 (51.2)

11 (25.6)

  

Married

61 (40.7)

52 (34.7)

37 (24.7)

  

Supplement intake

   

0.520

0.240

Yes

42 (50.6)

33 (39.8)

8 (9.6)

  

No

25 (41)

29 (47.5)

7 (11.5)

  

Job category

   

0.598

0.444

Employed

44 (39.3)

40 (35.7)

28 (25)

  

Unemployed

26 (33.8)

33 (42.9)

18 (23.4)

  
  1. Values are represented as means (SD)
  2. Categorical variables: N (%)
  3. ANCOVA (P value*) was performed to adjusted potential confounding factors (age, BMI, energy intake, Physical activity)
  4. BMI consider as collinear variable for anthropometrics and body composition variables
  5. P-values < 0.05 were considered as significant
  6. AC, Arm Circumference; ALT, Alanine Aminotransferase; AST, Aspartate Aminotransferase; BFM, Body Fat Mass; BFP, Body Fat Percent; BMC, Bone Mineral Content; BMI, Body Mass Index; DBP, Diastolic Blood Pressure; EW, Extracellular Water; FFMI, Fat-Free Mass Index; FFM, Fat-Free Mass; FMI, Fat Mass Index; HC, Hip Circumference; HDL_C, High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; HOMA Index, Homeostatic Model Assessment Index; IW, Intracellular Water; LDL_C, Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; NC, Neck Circumference; SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure; SLM, Soft Lean Mass; SMM, Skeletal Muscle Mass; TC, Total Cholesterol; TG, Triglyceride; VFA, Visceral Fat Area; VFL, Visceral Fat Level; WC, Waist Circumference; WHR, Waist to Hip Ratio; hs CRP, High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein
  7. aThe significant difference was seen between T1 and T2
  8. bThe significant difference was seen between T1 and T3
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