Table 2 Dietary food intakes across healthy bevarage index tertiles in obese and overweight women (n = 199)
Variables | Tertiles of HBI | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 (< 63) N = 72 | T2 (63–67) N = 76 | T3 (> 67) N = 51 | P-value | P-valuea | |
Mean (SD) | |||||
Dietary intakes | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Energy (kcal/d) | 2575.34 (642.93) | 2683.03 (802.29) | 2683.03 (802.29) | 0.671 | – |
Protein (g/d) | 87.44 (25.15) | 93.17 (30.69) | 88.21 (29.56) | 0.440 | 0.680 |
Carbohydrate (g/d) | 362.34 (113.91) | 374.65 (126.59) | 384.89 (132.19) | 0.612 | 0.027 |
Total fat (g/d) | 94.10 (30.71) | 98.79 (33.68) | 88.08 (33.10) | 0.211 | 0.085 |
Cholesterol (mg/d) | 239.37 (98.74) | 269.93 (115.50) | 261.45 (97.41) | 0.208 | 0.361 |
SFA (mg/d) | 27.08 (9.86) | 30.22 (12.46) | 26.21 (11.11) | 0.107 | 0.113 |
EPA (mg/d) | 0.04 (0.04) | 0.03 (0.04) | 0.03 (0.04) | 0.518 | 0.356 |
DHA (mg/d) | 0.13 (0.13) | 0.11 (0.12) | 0.11 (0.12) | 0.577 | 0.387 |
TFA (mg/d) | 0.001 (0.002) | 0.001 (0.002) | 0.001 (0.004) | 0.660 | 0.662 |
Sodium (mg/d) | 4272.31 (1288.95) | 4406.65 (1435.55) | 3996.72 (1384.17) | 0.275 | 0.207 |
Potassium (mg/d) | 4197.62 (1557.12) | 4420.46 (1490.27) | 4741.48 (1713.63) | 0.183 | 0.027 |
Vitamin A (RAE) | 737.27 (347.20) | 852.35 (429.49) | 817.10 (411.53) | 0.212 | 0.347 |
Î’-carotene (mg/d) | 4832.23 (2643.14) | 5848.37 (3727.51) | 5382.52 (3046.74) | 0.165 | 0.245 |
Vitamin D (µg/d) | 2.08 (1.65) | 1.85 (1.37) | 2.13 (1.69) | 0.549 | 0.406 |
Vitamin E (mg/d) | 19.63 (11.19) | 15.25 (6.38) | 15.51 (9.11) | 0.008 | 0.002 |
Thiamin (µg/d) | 2.06 (0.62) | 2.09 (0.65) | 2.04 (0.74) | 0.920 | 0.615 |
Riboflavin (mg/d) | 2.19 (0.87) | 2.25 (0.73) | 2.30 (0.97) | 0.765 | 0.576 |
Niacin (mg/d) | 24.43 (7.10) | 26.29 (9.82) | 25.56 (10.73) | 0.473 | 0.695 |
Vitamin B6 (µg/d) | 2.07 (0.63) | 2.23 (0.76) | 2.29 (0.77) | 0.220 | 0.065 |
folate (µg/d) | 597.78 (175.03) | 612.84 (172.03) | 620.89 (190.04) | 0.768 | 0.497 |
Vitamin B12 (µg/d) | 4.22 (1.92) | 4.70 (2.48) | 4.72 (3.52) | 0.461 | 0.564 |
Biotin | 37.17 (15.08) | 38.21 (13.30) | 45.04 (26.52) | 0.051 | 0.011 |
Pantothenic acid | 6.47 (2.15) | 6.34 (1.90) | 6.99 (3.81) | 0.381 | 0.068 |
Vitamin K (µg/d) | 190.24 (108.55) | 246.13 (212) | 214.33 (124.93) | 0.111 | 0.154 |
Phosphorus (mg/d) | 1630.50 (488.95) | 1692.39 (536.33) | 1636.74 (572.29) | 0.752 | 0.981 |
Vitamin C µmol/L) | 184.68 (161.52) | 185.51 (102.52) | 229.87 (132.41) | 0.139 | 0.052 |
Calcium (mg/d) | 1155.53 (416.47) | 1193.74 (411.57) | 1156.70 (449.51) | 0.837 | 0.981 |
Iron (mg/d) | 18.37 (5.74) | 19.26 (5.91) | 18.77 (7.03) | 0.689 | 0.953 |
Magnesium (mg/d) | 455.68 (143.05) | 475.01 (148.35) | 476.58 (165.83) | 0.677 | 0.566 |
Zinc (mg/d) | 13 (4.23) | 13.42 (4.22) | 13.14 (4.83) | 0.839 | 0.963 |
Copper (mg/d) | 1.93 (0.60) | 2.05 (0.62) | 2.13 (1.07) | 0.329 | 0.105 |
Manganese (mg/d) | 7.12 (2.37) | 7.38 (2.80) | 7.23 (3.83) | 0.875 | 0.999 |
Selenium (mg/d) | 121.30 (36.19) | 120.46 (43.10) | 117.03 (50.83) | 0.859 | 0.430 |
Chromium (mg/d) | 0.12 (0.07) | 0.11 (0.09) | 0.10 (0.09) | 0.419 | 0.337 |
Caffeine (mg/d) | 141.48 (104.62) | 177.19 (129.08) | 180.36 (288.04) | 0.380 | 0.403 |
Food groups | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Whole grains (g/d) | 6.58 (7.94) | 7.35 (11.18) | 13.44 (15.09) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
Fruits (g/d) | 494.29 (376.17) | 499.23 (304.22) | 655.79 (413.98) | 0.032 | 0.004 |
Vegetables (g/d) | 429.44 (261.88) | 464.14 (252.50) | 495.74 (325.18) | 0.431 | 0.471 |
Nuts (g/d) | 13.66 (17.01) | 18.23 (17.40) | 16.61 (19.86) | 0.307 | 0.323 |
Legumes (g/d) | 55.74 (45.17) | 56.49 (41.62) | 53.97 (43.68) | 0.952 | 0.956 |
Tea and coffee (ml/d) | 684 (517.17) | 868.44 (628.04) | 930.27 (1453.97) | 0.268 | 0.311 |
Refined grains (g/d) | 444.62 (239.25) | 411.84 (195.06) | 428.32 (280.15) | 0.707 | 0.279 |
SSB (ml/d) | 14.47 (22.73) | 28.54 (81.47) | 13.20 (29.50) | 0.196 | 0.232 |
Dairy (ml/d) | 396.12 (248.83) | 376.14 (214.52) | 425.73 (331.72) | 0.597 | 0.364 |
Eggs (g/d) | 19.87 (12.51) | 21.60 (13.42) | 24.96 (15.34) | 0.136 | 0.156 |
Fish and seafood (g/d) | 12.82 (12.72) | 11.41 (10.64) | 12.36 (13.61) | 0.782 | 0.554 |
Meat (g/d) | 58.49 (39.08) | 76.85 (62.76) | 64.55 (41.94) | 0.086 | 0.150 |
Red meat (g/d) | 19.19 (14.89) | 26.60 (23.01) | 22.34 (21.22) | 0.085 | 0.128 |
Low fat dairy (ml/d) | 312.58 (246.75) | 249.37 (173.01) | 324.66 (303.32) | 0.158 | 0.087 |
High fat dairy (ml/d) | 86.32 (111.77) | 128.14 (163.88) | 101.98 (129.29) | 0.192 | 0.299 |
Poultry (g/d) | 31.66 (29.29) | 42.77 (49.13) | 33.56 (26.08) | 0.176 | 0.264 |