Table 1 Characteristics of enrolled PCOS patients according to the presence of EH

(n = 1806)

(n = 335,440)

(n= 1806)

(n= 5418)

difference^b

Age, years

35.3 ± 8.0

31.4 ± 8.3

< 0.001

35.3 ± 8.0

34.8 ± 8.1

0.007

0.062

Age distribution

< 0.001

0.715

0.039

 < 20 yr

14 (0.8)

15,989 (4.8)

14 (0.8)

47 (0.9)

 20–29 yr

414 (22.9)

135,556 (40.4)

414 (22.9)

1288 (23.8)

 30–39 yr

868 (48.1)

132,156 (39.4)

868 (48.1)

2578 (47.6)

 40–49 yr

423 (23.4)

42,340 (12.6)

423 (23.4)

1281 (23.6)

 ≥50 yr

87 (4.8)

9399 (2.8)

87 (4.8)

224 (4.1)

Infertility medications

565 (31.3)

74,512 (22.2)

< 0.001

565 (31.3)

1434 (26.5)

< 0.001

0.106

Oral contraceptives & progestin

761 (42.1)

95,839 (28.6)

< 0.001

761 (42.1)

1364 (25.2)

< 0.001

0.364

Excess androgen medication

23 (1.3)

3936 (1.2)

0.776

23 (1.3)

65 (1.2)

0.901

0.009

Cumulative duration of infertility medication use, days

6.4 ± 14.9

3.9 ± 14.0

< 0.001

6.4 ± 14.9

4.5 ± 13.1

< 0.001

0.135

Cumulative duration of oral contraceptive use, days

13.6 ± 51.1

7.7 ± 51.3

< 0.001

13.6 ± 51.1

6.2 ± 30.8

< 0.001

0.175

Cumulative duration of antiandrogen medication, days

0.7 ± 9.9

1.3 ± 38.0

0.005

0.7 ± 9.9

0.6 ± 11.4

0.829

0.009

Cumulative duration of infertility medication

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.107

 Nonuser

1241 (68.7)

260,928 (77.8)

1241 (68.7)

3984 (73.5)

 < 180 days

564 (31.2)

74,454 (22.2)

564 (31.2)

1431 (26.4)

 ≥ 180 days

1 (0.1)

58 (0.0)

1 (0.1)

3 (0.1)

Cumulative duration of oral contraceptives & progestin

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.366

 Nonuser

1045 (57.9)

239,601 (71.4)

1045 (57.9)

4054 (74.8)

 < 180 days

743 (41.1)

94,153 (28.1)

743 (41.1)

1341 (24.8)

 ≥ 180 days

18 (1.0)

1686 (0.5)

18 (1.0)

23 (0.4)

Cumulative duration of antiandrogen medication

0.770

0.940

0.007

 Nonuser

1783 (98.7)

331,504 (98.8)

1783 (98.7)

5353 (98.8)

 < 180 days

21 (1.2)

3399 (1.0)

21 (1.2)

59 (1.1)

 ≥ 180 days

2 (0.1)

537 (0.2)

2 (0.1)

6 (0.1)

Region

0.008

0.002

0.084

 Non-metropolitan region

872 (48.3)

151,463 (45.2)

872 (48.3)

2388 (44.1)

 Metropolitan region

934 (51.7)

183,977 (54.8)

934 (51.7)

3030 (55.9)

Type of health care delivery system

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.418

 Tertiary care

195 (10.8)

15,998 (4.8)

195 (10.8)

283 (5.2)

 Secondary care

621 (34.4)

66,274 (19.8)

621 (34.4)

1112 (20.5)

 Primary care

990 (54.8)

253,168 (75.5)

990 (54.8)

4023 (74.3)

 Type I diabetes

19 (1.1)

2587 (0.8)

0.221

19 (1.1)

39 (0.7)

0.223

0.042

 Type II diabetes

355 (19.7)

44,773 (13.3)

< 0.001

355 (19.7)

679 (12.5)

< 0.001

0.197

 Obesity

72 (4.0)

7492 (2.2)

< 0.001

72 (4.0)

89 (1.6)

< 0.001

0.146

 Hypertension

198 (11.0)

21,531 (6.4)

< 0.001

198 (11.0)

348 (6.4)

< 0.001

0.164

 Hyperlipidemia

816 (45.2)

115,036 (34.3)

< 0.001

816 (45.2)

1742 (32.2)

< 0.001

0.269

 Infertility

713 (39.5)

88,022 (26.2)

< 0.001

713 (39.5)

1747 (32.2)

< 0.001

0.153

 Follow up duration, days

3458.1 ± 468.9

3661.9 ± 469.7

< 0.001

3458.1 ± 468.9

3466.0 ± 482.5

0.541

−0.017