Table 1 Descriptive Statistics of Women with Pregnancy History in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2006. (n = 3758)
From: Pregnancy-related factors may signal additional protection or risk of future cardiovascular diseases
|  | Total (n = 3758) | LBW infant (n = 479) | No LBW infant (n = 3111) | p value | Breastfeeding (n = 1926) | No Breastfeeding (n = 1689) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic variables | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age, years (n = 3785) | 55.3 ± 0.3 | 55.9 ± 0.6 | 55.4 ± 0.3 | 0.55 | 54.3 ± 0.4 | 56.8 ± 0.4 | < 0.01 |
Race, % | Â | Â | Â | 0.58 | Â | Â | Â |
 Mexican American (n = 866) | 4.9 ± 0.6 | 5.6 ± 1.0 | 4.9 ± 0.6 |  | 6.1 ± 0.8 | 4.0 ± 0.6 | < 0.01 |
 Other Hispanic (n = 149) | 4.5 ± 0.8 | 2.5 ± 1.0 | 4.8 ± 0.9 |  | 5.8 ± 1.2 | 3.1 ± 0.7 |  |
 Non-Hispanic White (n = 1856) | 75.8 ± 1.6 | 73.0 ± 2.3 | 75.9 ± 1.7 |  | 75.5 ± 1.8 | 75.4 ± 1.8 |  |
 Non-Hispanic Black (n = 762) | 10.4 ± 1.1 | 14.0 ± 1.7 | 9.9 ± 1.1 |  | 7.4 ± 0.8 | 13.9 ± 1.6 |  |
 Other Race-Including Multi-Racial (n = 125) | 4.4 ± 0.5 | 4.8 ± 1.2 | 4.4 ± 0.6 |  | 5.3 ± 0.9 | 3.6 ± 0.6 |  |
Education, % |  |  |  | < 0.01 |  |  | 0.15 |
 Less than high school (n = 1173) | 18.0 ± 0.8 | 25.9 ± 2.5 | 17.2 ± 0.9 |  | 17.1 ± 1.2 | 19.9 ± 1.3 |  |
 High school or higher (n = 2582) | 82.0 ± 0.8 | 74.1 ± 2.5 | 82.8 ± 0.9 |  | 82.9 ± 1.2 | 80.1 ± 1.3 |  |
Marital Status (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.07 | Â | Â | 0.02 |
 Not married (n = 1515) | 35.3 ± 1.2 | 35.3 ± 3.3 | 34.1 ± 1.1 |  | 32.1 ± 1.5 | 36.9 ± 1.6 |  |
 Married (n = 2135) | 64.7 ± 1.2 | 64.7 ± 3.3 | 65.9 ± 1.1 |  | 67.9 ± 1.5 | 63.1 ± 1.6 |  |
Health factors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Body Mass Index, kg/cm2 (n = 3725) | 28.7 ± 0.2 | 28.1 ± 0.4 | 28.8 ± 0.2 | 0.18 | 28.5 ± 0.2 | 29 ± 0.2 | 0.09 |
Physical Activity, Minutes/Week (n = 3784) | 369.5 ± 14.9 | 342.2 ± 35.8 | 367.4 ± 15.5 | 0.48 | 406.4 ± 22.3 | 316.3 ± 18.1 | < 0.01 |
HEI score (n = 3650) | 51.0 ± 0.4 | 50.2 ± 0.8 | 50.8 ± 0.4 | 0.51 | 52.2 ± 0.4 | 49.0 ± 0.5 | < 0.01 |
Ob/Gyn Variables | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age of first menstrual period (n = 3692) | 12.8 ± 0.0 | 12.8 ± 0.1 | 12.8 ± 0.1 | 0.56 | 12.8 ± 0.1 | 12.7 ± 0.1 | 0.54 |
Age at first live birth (n = 3638) | 23.1 ± 0.2 | 22.2 ± 0.3 | 23.2 ± 0.2 | < 0.01 | 23.8 ± 0.2 | 22.3 ± 0.2 | < 0.01 |
Parity (%) |  |  |  | 0.12 |  |  | < 0.01 |
 1 live birth (n = 616) | 18.5 ± 0.9 | 11.0 ± 2.2 | 15.4 ± 0.9 |  | 11.8 ± 1.2 | 18.5 ± 1.1 |  |
  > 1 live birth (n = 3126) | 81.5 ± 0.9 | 89.0 ± 2.2 | 84.6 ± 0.9 |  | 88.2 ± 1.2 | 81.5 ± 1.1 |  |
Traditional Risk Factors used in PCE | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Treated systolic blood pressure (n = 1182) | 135.6 ± 1.0 | 140.1 ± 1.7 | 135.1 ± 1.0 | 0.02 | 133.7 ± 1.1 | 137.5 ± 1.2 | 0.01 |
Untreated systolic blood pressure (n = 2522) | 124 ± 0.6 | 126.2 ± 1.3 | 123.9 ± 0.6 | 0.12 | 122.2 ± 0.7 | 126.8 ± 0.8 | < 0.01 |
Total Cholesterol (n = 3618) | 212.6 ± 1.0 | 212.4 ± 2.8 | 212.6 ± 1.1 | 0.92 | 210 ± 1.4 | 215.6 ± 1.5 | 0.64 |
HDL Cholesterol (n = 3619) | 59.4 ± 0.4 | 60.6 ± 1.0 | 59.1 ± 0.5 | 0.17 | 59.1 ± 0.5 | 59.5 ± 0.6 | 0.09 |
Current Smoking, % (n = 649) | 18.3 ± 0.9 | 25.4 ± 3.1 | 17.3 ± 1.0 | < 0.01 | 13.3 ± 1.1 | 24.0 ± 1.2 | < 0.01 |
Diabetes, % (n = 556) | 9.8 ± 0.6 | 8.2 ± 1.2 | 10.3 ± 0.6 | 0.13 | 9.0 ± 0.7 | 11.2 ± 0.9 | 0.05 |
10-year estimated CVD risk, % (n = 3487) | 6.7 ± 0.2 | 7.3 ± 0.5 | 6.7 ± 0.2 | 0.26 | 5.8 ± 0.3 | 8.1 ± 0.3 | < 0.01 |
PCE risk categories, % |  |  |  | 0.04 |  |  | < 0.01 |
 Low (< 5%) (n = 1860) | 62.6 ± 1.3 | 55.6 ± 3.1 | 62.8 ± 1.5 |  | 68.9 ± 1.7 | 53.6 ± 2.1 |  |
 Borderline low (5- < 7.5%) (n = 361) | 10.1 ± 0.9 | 14.1 ± 2.0 | 9.6 ± 0.9 |  | 8.6 ± 1.1 | 12.0 ± 1.0 |  |
 Intermediate (7.5- < 20% (n = 828) | 18.9 ± 0.8 | 22.3 ± 2.6 | 19.1 ± 0.9 |  | 15.7 ± 1.0 | 24.0 ± 1.4 |  |
 High (> = 20%) (n = 438) | 8.4 ± 0.5 | 8.1 ± 1.2 | 8.5 ± 0.6 |  | 6.9 ± 0.7 | 10.5 ± 0.8) |  |