Skip to main content

Table 2 Dietary intakes of cases and controls across low and high adherence of DASH diet

From: The association of dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) with the odds of diabetic nephropathy and metabolic markers in women: a case–control study

 

Control

Case

Low (n = 37)

High (n = 68)

P value

Low (n = 72)

High (n = 33)

P value

DASH diet subcategories

Fruits (g/d)

4.67 ± 1.97

7.47 ± 2.20

 < 0.001

3.09 ± 2.07

6.36 ± 2.46

 < 0.001

Vegetables (g/d)

266.95 ± 78.65

447.66 ± 143.61

 < 0.001

208.07 ± 78.91

440.27 ± 321.26

 < 0.001

Nuts and legumes (g/d)

125.53 ± 60.17

164.11 ± 77.17

0.01

87.81 ± 35.71

112.69 ± 57.53

0.01

Low-fat dairy (g/d)

185.28 ± 63.53

350.18 ± 138.59

 < 0.001

145.83 ± 101.80

314.54 ± 134.49

 < 0.001

Whole grains (g/d)

46.90 ± 66.98

81.02 ± 111.26

0.09

22.14 ± 33.68

115.39 ± 114.67

 < 0.001

Sodium (mg/d)

4.18 ± 1.62

3.19 ± 3.57

0.11

4.25 ± 2.65

3.66 ± 1.88

0.26

Red meat (g/d)

30.47 ± 11.28

21.79 ± 20.08

0.01

38.00 ± 8.91

21.30 ± 13.85

 < 0.001

Sweetened beverages (g/d)

146.13 ± 386.34

121.06 ± 267.43

0.69

38.97 ± 31.13

21.28 ± 36.12

0.01

Dietary intakes

Energy (kcal)

1609.46 ± 254.47

1370.40 ± 325.37

 < 0.001

1423.22 ± 235.42

1364.38 ± 287.03

0.27

Macronutrients

Protein (g)

50.93 ± 7.04

46.83 ± 11.17

0.04

45.34 ± 6.63

46.73 ± 10.57

0.42

Carbohydrate (g)

286.61 ± 58.54

241.15 ± 66.74

0.001

250.32 ± 37.58

236.95 ± 48.58

0.13

Fat (g)

35.39 ± 6.73

31.00 ± 6.47

0.002

33.30 ± 9.29

32.34 ± 8.74

0.62

Fat subcategories

Cholesterol (g)

8.70 ± 8.79

8.12 ± 11.30

0.79

5.32 ± 3.56

5.02 ± 6.71

0.77

SFA (g)

6.76 ± 1.30

5.95 ± 1.56

0.009

6.22 ± 1.72

5.75 ± 1.84

0.21

MUFA (g)

11.84 ± 2.69

10.41 ± 2.63

0.01

11.31 ± 3.68

10.49 ± 3.06

0.27

PUFA (g)

10.70 ± 2.12

10.19 ± 1.87

0.20

10.32 ± 1.90

10.89 ± 3.78

0.32

Oleic acid (g)

11.50 ± 2.62

10.00 ± 2.38

0.004

11.01 ± 3.55

10.30 ± 3.04

0.32

Linoleic acid (g)

9.62 ± 1.83

9.07 ± 1.58

0.11

9.22 ± 1.67

9.87 ± 3.71

0.23

Linolenic acid (g)

0.91 ± 0.28

0.92 ± 0.32

0.84

0.92 ± 0.24

0.87 ± 0.32

0.47

Minerals

Sodium (mg)

3991.56 ± 691.60

3081.65 ± 925.41

 < 0.001

3764.85 ± 1136.80

3480.92 ± 883.52

0.21

Potassium (mg)

1716.65 ± 418.61

1725.28 ± 449.35

0.92

1652.28 ± 257.03

1729.52 ± 467.58

0.29

Calcium (mg)

386.98 ± 77.75

448.01 ± 62.49

 < 0.001

377.62 ± 76.05

408.14 ± 62.78

0.03

Iron (mg)

16.05 ± 2.17

14.47 ± 2.75

0.004

14.78 ± 1.89

14.87 ± 2.55

0.85

Phosphorus (mg)

953.96 ± 137.22

890.58 ± 189.50

0.07

899.73 ± 121.97

920.51 ± 201.27

0.52

Magnesium (mg)

359.20 ± 67.66

349.44 ± 69.84

0.49

345.09 ± 48.83

378.49 ± 121.04

0.05

Zinc (mg)

8.36 ± 1.42

8.07 ± 1.61

0.36

7.70 ± 1.18

9.01 ± 4.51

0.02

Copper (mg)

1.61 ± 0.26

1.51 ± 0.25

0.05

1.51 ± 0.22

1.60 ± 0.32

0.10

Selenium (microgram)

130.95 ± 20.22

116.64 ± 34.76

0.02

122.87 ± 19.97

124.38 ± 30.70

0.76

Water soluble vitamins

C (mg)

9.22 ± 6.48

14.53 ± 7.11

 < 0.001

8.30 ± 3.17

10.43 ± 4.30

0.01

B1 (mg)

1.89 ± 0.31

1.62 ± 0.39

 < 0.001

1.68 ± 0.25

1.65 ± 0.32

0.69

B2 (mg)

1.09 ± 0.18

0.92 ± 0.21

 < 0.001

0.97 ± 0.17

0.95 ± 0.16

0.58

B3 (mg)

17.82 ± 2.57

15.19 ± 3.38

 < 0.001

16.19 ± 2.57

15.93 ± 2.90

0.65

B5 (mg)

2.61 ± 0.53

2.42 ± 0.68

0.14

2.39 ± 0.67

2.64 ± 0.71

0.08

B6 (mg)

0.78 ± 0.18

0.74 ± 0.12

0.12

0.78 ± 0.12

0.79 ± 0.16

0.75

B9 (microgram)

380.15 ± 111.88

445.12 ± 115.97

0.006

349.61 ± 62.77

371.32 ± 66.59

0.12

B12 (microgram)

0.19 ± 0.15

0.17 ± 0.20

0.63

0.13 ± 0.07

0.10 ± 0.12

0.17

Fat soluble vitamins

A (RAE)

20.02 ± 18.58

24.12 ± 11.62

0.17

15.70 ± 11.38

24.76 ± 11.85

 < 0.001

E (mg)

4.48 ± 1.98

4.10 ± 1.80

0.32

3.91 ± 0.91

4.00 ± 1.09

0.66

K (microgram)

13.03 ± 5.04

13.52 ± 4.67

0.62

11.49 ± 2.98

13.73 ± 6.01

0.04

Simple carbohydrates

Fructose (g)

16.20 ± 19.62

14.52 ± 13.56

0.61

11.85 ± 2.71

10.30 ± 2.60

0.008

Sucrose (g)

15.22 ± 8.96

9.68 ± 5.47

 < 0.001

16.00 ± 7.12

11.08 ± 6.68

0.001

Glucose (g)

14.81 ± 18.64

13.37 ± 12.69

0.64

10.78 ± 2.64

9.14 ± 2.48

0.004

Total fiber (g)

41.81 ± 11.97

37.80 ± 8.65

0.05

38.39 ± 6.87

36.20 ± 7.63

0.15

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Low and high adherence of median of DASH diet are shown
  2. Independent T test was used
  3. Significant items with a P value ≤ 0.05 are bolded
  4. SFA Saturated fatty acids, PUFA Poly unsaturated fatty acids, MUFA Monounsaturated fatty acids
Back to article page

BMC Women's Health

ISSN: 1472-6874

Contact us