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Table 3 Baseline characteristics of cases and controls groups among low and high adherence of DASH diet

From: The association of dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) with the odds of diabetic nephropathy and metabolic markers in women: a case–control study

 

Control

Case

Low (n = 37)

High (n = 68)

P value

P value*

Low (n = 72)

High (n = 33)

P value

P value*

Demographic characteristic

Age (y)

54.06 ± 6.555

56.12 ± 7.428

0.16

–

55.44 ± 7.082

54.76 ± 7.483

0.65

–

Albumin (g/dl)

12.58 ± 7.602

6.11 ± 5.097

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

15.56 ± 13.158

13.09 ± 10.001

0.34

0.34

ACR

19.65 ± 6.212

18.09 ± 5.766

0.20

0.07

239.74 ± 91.266

217.67 ± 145.891

0.35

0.42

Diabetes duration (y)

7.67 ± 2.111

7.49 ± 2.222

0.70

 

7.65 ± 2.184

7.50 ± 2.305

0.75

 

Blood pressure

SBP (mmHg)

121.72 ± 16.554

133.00 ± 122.428

0.58

0.69

128.61 ± 16.597

123.64 ± 19.272

0.18

0.08

DBP (mmHg)

81.53 ± 13.064

79.25 ± 11.096

0.35

0.67

84.83 ± 14.064

78.33 ± 9.746

0.01

0.04

Anthropometry characteristic

Body weight (kg)

69.686 ± 12.9626

72.722 ± 10.6348

0.20

0.30

73.561 ± 12.4596

72.182 ± 16.2292

0.64

0.63

Height (cm)

163.36 ± 4.673

159.93 ± 6.177

0.004

 < 0.001

160.35 ± 6.348

161.79 ± 6.294

0.28

0.36

BMI (kg/m2)

26.028 ± 4.9568

28.367 ± 3.8442

0.009

0.07

28.586 ± 4.7848

28.356 ± 3.9868

0.81

0.79

Blood parameters

Hb (mg/dl)

12.456 ± 1.2796

12.753 ± 1.1719

0.23

0.19

12.439 ± 1.3583

13.112 ± 1.3188

0.02

0.18

FBS (mg/dl)

161.92 ± 45.779

149.81 ± 44.668

0.19

0.57

168.71 ± 53.292

160.79 ± 47.320

0.47

0.03

BS (mg/dl)

217.22 ± 52.193

201.62 ± 55.460

0.16

0.36

220.26 ± 58.710

210.42 ± 43.663

0.39

0.07

HbA1c (%)

8.44 ± 1.21

7.79 ± 1.28

0.01

0.10

8.74 ± 1.38

8.33 ± 1.44

0.17

0.02

Cholesterol (mg/dl)

180.69 ± 25.829

172.26 ± 35.373

0.21

0.39

187.83 ± 36.408

183.45 ± 41.200

0.59

0.87

TG (mg/dl)

164.31 ± 49.132

159.75 ± 61.630

0.70

0.87

163.83 ± 56.674

171.91 ± 81.388

0.56

0.41

LDL (mg/dl)

103.97 ± 29.577

89.10 ± 28.167

0.01

0.10

108.80 ± 33.345

103.73 ± 27.924

0.45

0.91

HDL (mg/dl)

46.00 ± 8.903

46.59 ± 9.553

0.76

0.93

44.88 ± 9.421

43.82 ± 8.041

0.58

0.87

Cr (mg/dl)

0.86 ± 0.14

0.87 ± 0.18

0.79

0.03

0.9480 ± 0.16718

0.8679 ± 0.14339

0.02

0.18

BUN (mg/dl)

16.50 ± 4.398

14.43 ± 3.374

0.009

0.007

15.67 ± 4.086

15.76 ± 5.657

0.93

0.89

Qualitative variables

PA (met-h/w)

 Low (> 600)

13 (35.1)

24 (64.9)

0.79

 

20 (66.7)

10 (33.3)

0.89

 

 Moderate (600–3000)

9 (29.6)

19 (70.4)

 

33 (67.5)

13 (32.5)

 

 High (< 3000)

15 (37.5)

25 (62.5)

 

19 (66.5)

10 (34.5)

 

Medical history

Positive CVD history

10 (43.5)

13 (56.5)

0.31

 

14 (63.6)

8 (36.4)

0.73

 

Medication usage

ARBs

16 (35.6)

29 (64.4)

0.86

 

36 (64.3)

20 (35.7)

0.56

 

ACEIs

9 (45)

11 (55)

0.27

 

29 (67.4)

14 (32.6)

0.88

 

Beta blockers

7 (38.9)

11 (61.1)

0.67

 

13 (68.4)

6 (31.6)

0.36

 

Metformin

35 (34)

68 (66)

0.34

 

65 (66.3)

33 (33.7)

0.99

 

sulfonylurea

22 (36.1)

39 (63.9)

0.71

 

43 (65.2)

23 (34.8)

0.65

 

Insulin

12 (34.3)

23 (65.7)

0.96

 

20 (76.9)

6 (23.1)

0.19

 
  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD or number (percent). Low and high adherence of median of DASH diet are shown
  2. Independent sample T test and chi square were used
  3. Significant items with a P value ≤ 0.05 are bolded
  4. ACR Albumin creatinine ratio, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, BMI Body mass index, Hb Hemoglobin, FBS Fasting blood sugar, BS Blood sugar, TG Triglycerides, HDL High density lipoprotein, LDL Low density lipoprotein, CR Creatinine, BUN Blood urea nitrogen, CVD Cardiovascular disease, ARBs Angiotensin receptor blockers, ACEIs Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
  5. *Adjusted for age, energy intake, physical activity
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BMC Women's Health

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