Construct validity and internal consistency of the Home and Family Work Roles Questionnaires: a cross-sectional study with exploratory factor analysis

Dabbagh, A.; Seens, H.; Fraser, J.; MacDermid, J. C.

doi:10.1186/s12905-023-02199-1

Table 2 Independent samples t-test with gender as the grouping variable

From: Construct validity and internal consistency of the Home and Family Work Roles Questionnaires: a cross-sectional study with exploratory factor analysis

Questions	Statistic	df	p	Mean difference	SE difference	Lower 95% CI	Upper 95% CI	Cohen’s d effect size
Q1—House cleaning	− 3.40	309.00	< 0.001	− 1.46	0.43	− 2.31	− 0.62	− 0.54
Q2—Outdoor cleaning	3.14	304.00	0.002	1.59	0.51	0.59	2.59	0.50
Q3—Laundry	− 6.12	309.00	< 0.001	− 2.93	0.48	− 3.88	− 1.99	− 0.98
Q4—Home decorating	− 2.81	276.00	0.005	− 1.81	0.64	− 3.08	− 0.54	− 0.48
Q5—Home repairs	4.31^a	302.00	< 0.001	2.31	0.54	1.26	3.37	0.70
Q6—Mow lawn	6.96^a	254.00	< 0.001	3.96	0.57	2.84	5.08	1.17
Q7—Garden	− 1.97	292.00	0.050	− 1.17	0.60	− 2.35	− 4.41	− 0.32
Q8—Prepare meals	− 5.01	309.00	< 0.001	− 2.30	0.46	− 3.20	− 1.40	− 0.80
Q9—Shop for groceries and supplies	− 2.07	309.00	0.039	− 1.18	0.57	− 2.30	− 0.06	− 0.33
Q10—Drive family to appointments and activities	− 2.75^a	292.00	0.006	− 1.71	0.62	− 2.93	− 0.49	− 0.45
Q11—Arrange family appointments and activities	− 5.49^a	296.00	< 0.001	− 3.52	0.64	− 4.78	− 2.26	− 0.90
Q12—Maintain vehicles	5.64^a	294.00	< 0.001	3.14	0.56	2.05	4.24	0.93
Q13—Help children with homework	− 4.38^a	279.00	< 0.001	− 2.82	0.64	− 4.09	− 1.55	− 0.73
Q14—Supervise children with homework	− 4.35^a	273.00	< 0.001	− 2.89	0.67	− 4.21	− 1.58	− 0.73
Q15—Care for children in the home	− 4.77	302.00	< 0.001	− 2.72	0.57	− 3.84	− 1.59	− 0.77
Q16—Care for children when sick	− 5.38^a	287.00	< 0.001	− 3.46	0.64	− 4.73	− 2.20	− 0.90
Q17—Care for other family members	− 2.60	243.00	0.010	− 1.57	0.60	− 2.76	− 0.38	− 0.45
Q18—Earn family income	1.07	288.00	0.286	0.65	0.61	− 0.54	1.84	0.18
Q19—Manage family finances/bills	− 1.41	301.00	0.160	− 0.92	0.66	− 2.22	0.37	− 0.23

^aLevene's test is significant (p < 0.05), suggesting a violation of the assumption of equal variances. The mean differences with negative signs indicate that women had done more work compared with men

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ISSN: 1472-6874

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