Table 3 Random effect estimates for physical, sexual and emotional violence among married adolescent girls aged 15–19 years
Background characteristics | Physical violence | Sexual violence | Emotional violence | IPV |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Coef. | Coef. | Coef. | Coef. | |
Year | ||||
2015-16 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
2018-19 | 0.14*(0.12,0.16) | 0.03*(0.01,0.05) | 0.10*(0.08,0.11) | 0.13*(0.11,0.15) |
Decision making power | ||||
Respondent alone/with others | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Other’s only | -0.02(-0.04,0) | 0.02*(0.01,0.04) | -0.01(-0.03,0.01) | -0.02*(-0.04,-0.01) |
Mobility | ||||
Respondent alone/with others | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Other’s only | -0.08*(-0.15,-0.01) | -0.10*(-0.17,-0.03) | -0.06*(-0.13,-0.01) | -0.12*(-0.19,-0.04) |
Perception about wife beating | ||||
Disagree | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Agree | 0.07*(0.04,0.09) | 0.13*(0.11,0.16) | 0.14*(0.11,0.16) | 0.14*(0.11,0.16) |
Perception about money spend by husband alone | ||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Yes | -0.01(-0.04,0.02) | 0.01(-0.02,0.04) | -0.04*(-0.07,-0.01) | -0.02*(-0.05,-0.01) |
Paid work by respondent | ||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Yes | 0.05*(0.02,0.08) | 0.05*(0.02,0.08) | 0.06*(0.03,0.09) | 0.05*(0.02,0.08) |
Spousal age gap | ||||
Wife older or same age | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Husband older by 1–2 years | -0.07(-0.16,0.01) | 0.05(-0.03,0.14) | 0.01(-0.08,0.09) | -0.02(-0.11,0.07) |
Husband older by 3–4 years | -0.09*(-0.18,-0.01) | 0.04(-0.04,0.12) | -0.01(-0.09,0.07) | -0.04(-0.12,0.05) |
Husband older by 5 + years | -0.10*(-0.19,-0.01) | 0.05(-0.03,0.13) | 0.02(-0.08,0.08) | -0.04(-0.12,0.05) |
Spousal educational gap | ||||
Both not educated | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Wife more educated | -0.03*(-0.05,-0.01) | -0.01(-0.04,0.02) | -0.03*(-0.06,-0.01) | -0.02(-0.05,0.01) |
Husband more educated | -0.03*(-0.05,-0.01) | -0.02(-0.04,0.01) | -0.03*(-0.06,-0.01) | -0.02(-0.05,0.01) |
Age at marriage | ||||
Less than 15 years | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
15 or more years | -0.09*(-0.11,-0.06) | -0.01(-0.04,0.01) | -0.10*(-0.12,-0.07) | -0.09*(-0.11,-0.06) |
Paid dowry | ||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Yes | 0.02(-0.01,0.05) | 0.03*(0.01,0.06) | 0.02(-0.01,0.05) | 0.04*(0.02,0.07) |
Wealth Index | ||||
Poorest | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Poorer | -0.01(-0.05,0.02) | -0.01(-0.04,0.03) | 0.01(-0.03,0.03) | -0.01(-0.04,0.03) |
Middle | -0.04*(-0.07,-0.01) | -0.03*(-0.07,-0.01) | -0.03(-0.06,0.01) | -0.03(-0.06,0.01) |
Richer | -0.08*(-0.11,-0.04) | -0.04*(-0.07,-0.01) | -0.05*(-0.08,-0.01) | -0.07*(-0.11,-0.03) |
Richest | -0.14*(-0.19,-0.1) | -0.07*(-0.11,-0.03) | -0.11*(-0.15,-0.07) | -0.14*(-0.18,-0.1) |
Caste | ||||
SC/ST | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Non-SC/ST | -0.05*(-0.07,-0.02) | -0.03*(-0.06,-0.01) | -0.03*(-0.05,0) | -0.03*(-0.05,0) |
Religion | ||||
Hindu | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Non-Hindu | 0.01(-0.03,0.03) | -0.04*(-0.07,-0.01) | -0.02(-0.05,0.01) | -0.02(-0.05,0.01) |
Place of residence | ||||
Urban | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Rural | -0.05*(-0.08,-0.03) | -0.01(-0.04,0.01) | -0.03*(-0.05,-0.01) | -0.03*(-0.06,-0.01) |
States | ||||
Uttar Pradesh | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Bihar | 0.03*(0,0.05) | 0.08*(0.06,0.1) | 0.15*(0.12,0.17) | 0.10*(0.07,0.12) |
Sigma_u | 0.181 | 0.112 | 0.106 | 0.139 |
Sigma_e | 0.414 | 0.431 | 0.443 | 0.461 |
Rho | 0.160 | 0.064 | 0.054 | 0.083 |
Wald chi-square | 516.57* | 335.78* | 735.45* | 628.24* |
Hausman test | 25.2 | 7.6 | 16.4 | 14.3 |