Table 1 Clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes in anti-AMPAR encephalitis patients with tumors
|  |  | Patients with thymic tumor (n = 30) (%) | Patients with lung cancer (n = 17) (%) | Patients with ovarian tumor (n = 8) (%) | Patients with breast cancer (n = 7) (%) | Patients with other types of cancer (n = 4) (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (median ± SEM, yr) (n) | 45 ± 3.2 (19) | 65 ± 2.3 | 42 ± 8.9 (4) | 61 ± 4.0 (6) | 46 ± 11.5 | |
Main encephalitis-related symptoms | Cognitive dysfunction | 25 (83.3) | 16 (94.1) | 4/4 (100) | 6/6 (100) | 4 (100) |
| Â | Memory deficits | 19 (63.3) | 16 (94.1) | 3/4 (75) | 6/6 (100) | 4 (100) |
Disorientation | 4 (13.3) | 4 (23.5) | 1/4 (25) | 1/6 (16.7) | 0 | |
Psychiatric symptoms | 22 (73.3) | 11 (64.7) | 4/4 (100) | 5/6 (83.3) | 1 (25) | |
Anxiety | 0 | 1 (5.9) | 1/4 (25) | 0 | 0 | |
Depressed mood | 4 (13.3) | 2 (11.8) | 1/4 (25) | 0 | 0 | |
Abnormal behavior | 15 (50) | 9 (52.9) | 1/4 (25) | 4/6 (66.7) | 1 (25) | |
Sleep issues | 3 (10) | 4 (23.5) | 0 | 1/6 (16.7) | 0 | |
Psychotic-related symptoms | 8 (26.7) | 4 (23.5) | 4/4 (100) | 3/6 (50) | 1 (25) | |
Catatonia | 1 (3.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Dementia | 1 (3.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Consciousness dysfunction | 9 (30) | 9 (52.9) | 7 (87.5) | 6/6 (100) | 3 (75) | |
Seizures | 8 (26.7) | 3 (17.6) | 2/4 (50) | 1/6 (16.7) | 0 | |
Dyskinesia | 5 (16.7) | 2 (11.8) | 2/4 (50) | 1/6 (16.7) | 0 | |
Ataxia | 0 | 2 (11.8) | 0 | 1/6 (16.7) | 0 | |
Dystonia | 2 (6.7) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Myoclonus | 1 (3.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Weakness | 2 (6.7) | 0 | 1/4 (25) | 1/6 (16.7) | 0 | |
Involuntary movement | 1 (3.3) | 0 | 1/4 (25) | 0 | 0 | |
Speech dysfunction | 3 (10) | 0 | 3/4 (60) | 0 | 0 | |
Verbal reduction | 2 (6.7) | 0 | 2/4 (50) | 0 | 0 | |
Aphasia | 2 (6.7) | 0 | 1/4 (25) | 0 | 0 | |
Autonomic dysfunction | 4 (13.3) | 0 | 3/4 (75) | 0 | 0 | |
Respiratory distress | 4 (13.3) | 0 | 1 (25) | 0 | 0 | |
Others | 6 (20) | 2 (11.8) | 0 | 0 | 1 (25) | |
Sensory dysfunction symptoms | 1 (3.3) | 2 (11.8) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Headache | 2 (6.7) | 1 (5.9) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Fever | 5 (16.7) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Hyponatremia | 0 | 2 (11.8) | 0 | 0 | 1 (25) | |
Initial disease | Encephalitis | 16 (53.3) | 14 (82.4) | 2 (25) | 5 (71.4) | 3 (75) |
Tumor | 3 (10) | 2 (11.8) | 2 (25) | 2 (28.6) | 1 (25) | |
NA | 11 (36.7) | 1 (5.9) | 4 (50) | 0 | 0 | |
ICU admission | 6 (20) | 0 | 6/7 (85.7) | 0 | 1 (25) | |
Treatment | Immunotherapy | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
First-line | 11 (36.7) | 13 (76.5) | 1 (12.5) | 7 (100) | 4 (100) | |
First-line + second-line | 5 (16.7) | 1 (5.9) | 7 (87.5) | 0 | 0 | |
Tumor treatment | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Tumor removal | 6 (20) | 2 (11.8) | 6 (75) | 1 (14.3) | 0 | |
Chemotherapy | 0 | 8 (47.1) | 2 (25) | 1 (14.3) | 1 (25) | |
Tumor removal + chemotherapy | 1 (3.3) | 0 | 0 | 1 (14.3) | 1 (25) | |
Tumor removal + radiotherapy | 3 (10) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Tumor removal + chemotherapy + radiotherapy | 1 (3.3) | 0 | 0 | 2 (28.6) | 1 (25) | |
Chemotherapy + radiotherapy | 0 | 4 (23.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Symptomatic treatment | 0 | 1 (5.9) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
NA | 11 (36.7) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Outcome | mRS ≤ 2 | 10 (33.3) | 4 (23.5) | 3 (37.5) | 3 (42.9) | 0 |
Symptom partially improved | 4 (13.3) | 2 (11.8) | 1 (12.5) | 3 (42.9) | 1 (25) | |
Symptom not improved | 0 | 3 (17.6) | 0 | 0 | 3 (75) | |
Relapse | 4 (13.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Dead | 6 (20) | 8 (47.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
NA | 6 (20) | 0 | 4 (50) | 1 (14.3) | 0 | |