Table 1 Characteristics of participants in the study by level of famine exposure (N = 4770)
Variables | No exposure | Fetal exposure | Childhood exposure | Adolescence/ adult exposure | Total | χ2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 786 | 611 | 1904 | 1469 | 4770 | Â | Â |
Educational Status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 580.421 | 0.000 |
 Illiteracy | 133(16.92) | 164(26.84) | 855(44.91) | 850(57.86) | 2002(41.97) |  |  |
 less than grade school | 570(72.52) | 336(54.99) | 942(49.47) | 582(39.62) | 2430(50.94) |  |  |
 Junior school | 56(7.12) | 100(16.37) | 83(4.36) | 10(0.68) | 249(5.22) |  |  |
 Above vocational institute | 27(3.44) | 11(1.8) | 24(1.26) | 27(1.84) | 89(1.87) |  |  |
Marriage Status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 510.708 | 0.000 |
 Spinsterhood | 23(2.93) | 32(5.24) | 175(9.19) | 462(31.45) | 692(14.51) |  |  |
 Married | 763(97.07) | 579(94.76) | 1729(90.81) | 1007(68.55) | 4078(85.49) |  |  |
Place of abode | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 1.252 | 0.740 |
 Rural | 493(62.72) | 394(64.48) | 1206(63.34) | 951(64.74) | 3044(63.82) |  |  |
 City | 293(37.28) | 217(35.52) | 698(36.66) | 518(35.26) | 1726(36.18) |  |  |
Smoking habits | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 64.336 | 0.000 |
 No | 758(96.44) | 577(94.44) | 1765(92.7) | 1296(88.22) | 4396(92.16) |  |  |
 Being used to smoking | 3(0.38) | 6(0.98) | 31(1.63) | 54(3.68) | 94(1.97) |  |  |
 Current smoking | 25(3.18) | 28(4.58) | 108(5.67) | 119(8.1) | 280(5.87) |  |  |
Alcohol habits | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 20.779 | 0.002 |
 No | 690(87.79) | 526(86.09) | 1676(88.03) | 1295(88.16) | 4187(87.78) |  |  |
 Less than once per month | 47(5.98) | 43(7.04) | 102(5.36) | 49(3.34) | 241(5.05) |  |  |
 More than once per month | 49(6.23) | 42(6.87) | 126(6.62) | 125(8.51) | 342(7.17) |  |  |
Dietary habits | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 13.839 | 0.031 |
 less than 2 times per day | 120(15.27) | 78(12.77) | 217(11.4) | 212(14.43) | 627(13.14) |  |  |
 3 times per day | 661(84.1) | 525(85.92) | 1660(87.18) | 1234(84) | 4080(85.53) |  |  |
 more than 4 times per day | 5(0.64) | 8(1.31) | 27(1.42) | 23(1.57) | 63(1.32) |  |  |
Social events | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 27.62 | 0.000 |
 No | 357(45.42) | 262(42.88) | 953(50.05) | 792(53.91) | 2364(49.56) |  |  |
 Yes | 429(54.58) | 349(57.12) | 951(49.95) | 677(46.09) | 2406(50.44) |  |  |
Accidental history | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 6.52 | 0.089 |
 No | 748(95.17) | 567(92.8) | 1762(92.54) | 1362(92.72) | 4439(93.06) |  |  |
 Yes | 38(4.83) | 44(7.2) | 142(7.46) | 107(7.28) | 331(6.94) |  |  |
Exercises habits | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 15.572 | 0.016 |
 No exercise | 468(59.54) | 349(57.12) | 1141(59.93) | 954(64.94) | 2912(61.05) |  |  |
 Less than regular exercise | 158(20.1) | 126(20.62) | 378(19.85) | 261(17.77) | 923(19.35) |  |  |
 Regular exercise | 160(20.36) | 136(22.26) | 385(20.22) | 254(17.29) | 935(19.6) |  |  |
Menarche age | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 87.521 | 0.000 |
  ≤ 15 years | 425(54.07) | 348(56.96) | 1239(65.07) | 1056(71.89) | 3068(64.32) |  |  |
  ≥ 16 years | 361(45.93) | 263(43.04) | 665(34.93) | 413(28.11) | 1702(35.68) |  |  |
Metabolic syndrome | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 74.101 | 0.000 |
 No | 512(65.14) | 348(56.96) | 1028(53.99) | 684(46.56) | 2572(53.92) |  |  |
 Yes | 274(34.86) | 263(43.04) | 876(46.01) | 785(53.44) | 2198(46.08) |  |  |