Table 3 Characteristics of participants in the study categorized by metabolic syndrome status (N = 4770)
Variables | Without metabolic syndrome | Metabolic syndrome | Total | χ2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 2572 | 2198 | 4770 | Â | Â |
Educational status | Â | Â | Â | 5.692 | 0.128 |
 Illiteracy | 1084(42.15) | 918(41.77) | 2002(41.97) |  |  |
 less than grade school | 1301(50.58) | 1129(51.36) | 2430(50.94) |  |  |
 Junior school | 147(5.72) | 102(4.64) | 249(5.22) |  |  |
 Above vocational institute | 40(1.56) | 49(2.23) | 89(1.87) |  |  |
Marriage status | Â | Â | Â | 0.067 | 0.796 |
 Spinsterhood | 370(14.39) | 322(14.65) | 692(14.51) |  |  |
 Married | 2202(85.61) | 1876(85.35) | 4078(85.49) |  |  |
Place of abode | Â | Â | Â | 40.797 | 0.000 |
 Rural | 1747(67.92) | 1297(59.01) | 3044(63.82) |  |  |
 City | 825(32.08) | 901(40.99) | 1726(36.18) |  |  |
Smoking habits | Â | Â | Â | 7.036 | 0.030 |
 No | 2383(92.65) | 2013(91.58) | 4396(92.16) |  |  |
 Being used to smoking | 38(1.48) | 56(2.55) | 94(1.97) |  |  |
 Current smoking | 151(5.87) | 129(5.87) | 280(5.87) |  |  |
Alcohol habits | Â | Â | Â | 12.435 | 0.002 |
 No | 2219(86.28) | 1968(89.54) | 4187(87.78) |  |  |
 Less than once per month | 141(5.48) | 100(4.55) | 241(5.05) |  |  |
 More than once per month | 212(8.24) | 130(5.91) | 342(7.17) |  |  |
Dietary habits | Â | Â | Â | 5.849 | 0.054 |
 less than 2 times per day | 359(13.96) | 268(12.19) | 627(13.14) |  |  |
 3 times per day | 2173(84.49) | 1907(86.76) | 4080(85.53) |  |  |
 more than 4 times per day | 40(1.56) | 23(1.05) | 63(1.32) |  |  |
Social events | Â | Â | Â | 11.481 | 0.001 |
 No | 1333(51.83) | 1031(46.91) | 2364(49.56) |  |  |
 Yes | 1239(48.17) | 1167(53.09) | 2406(50.44) |  |  |
Accidental history | Â | Â | Â | 1.185 | 0.276 |
 No | 2384(92.69) | 2055(93.49) | 4439(93.06) |  |  |
 Yes | 188(7.31) | 143(6.51) | 331(6.94) |  |  |
Exercises habits | Â | Â | Â | 8.448 | 0.015 |
 No exercise | 1579(61.39) | 1333(60.65) | 2912(61.05) |  |  |
 Less than regular exercise regular exercise | 524(20.37) 469(18.23) | 399(18.15) 466(21.2) | 923(19.35) 935(19.6) |  |  |
Famine exposure | Â | Â | Â | 74.101 | 0.000 |
 No exposure | 512(19.91) | 274(12.47) | 786(16.48) |  |  |
 Fetal exposure | 348(13.53) | 263(11.97) | 611(12.81) |  |  |
 Childhood exposure | 1028(39.97) | 876(39.85) | 1904(39.92) |  |  |
 Adolescence/adult exposure | 684(26.59) | 785(35.71) | 1469(30.8) |  |  |
Menarche age | Â | Â | Â | 13.557 | 0.000 |
  ≤ 15 years | 1715(66.68) | 1353(61.56) | 3068(64.32) |  |  |
  ≥ 16 years | 857(33.32) | 845(38.44) | 1702(35.68) |  |  |