The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine HIV care and cervical cancer screening in North-Central Nigeria

Habila, Magdiel A.; Obeng-Kusi, Mavis; Ali, Maryam J.; Magaji, Francis A.; Shambe, Iornum H.; Daru, Patrick H.; Jacobs, Elizabeth T.; Madhivanan, Purnima; Sagay, Atiene S.; Musa, Jonah

doi:10.1186/s12905-023-02782-6

BMC Women's Health

Table 4 Linear regression models comparing mean differences in HIV viral load by COVID period and number of visits between 2018 and 2021

From: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine HIV care and cervical cancer screening in North-Central Nigeria

	N	M ± SE	Unadjusted ß (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted ß ^a (95% CI)	p-value
Women who had 1 Visit	1747
Pre-COVID Restrictions	517	65.7 ± 22.4	Reference
2020 Quarter 1 (January – March)	98	55.9 ± 22.8	-9.82 (-861.7, 842.0)	0.98	-15.0 (-865.6, 835.6)	0.97
2020 Quarter 2 (April – June)	23	412.4 ± 399.0	346.7 (-1301.0, 1994.3)	0.68	313.4 (-1331.3, 1959.0)	0.70
2020 Quarter 3 (July – September)	68	2498.3 ± 1545.0	2432.5 (1435.1, 3429.9)	< 0.0001	2375 (1379.0, 3372.7)	< 0.0001
2020 Quarter 4 (October – December)	281	205.2 ± 104.7	139.5 (-433.4, 712.6)	0.63	168 (-403.9, 741.6)	0.56
2021 Post COVID Restrictions	760	418.1 ± 161.8	352.3 (-88.5, 793.1)	0.11	389.9 (-51.3, 831.0)	0.08
Women who had 2 Visits	456
Pre-COVID Restrictions	240	225.5 ± 140.9	Reference
2020 Quarter 1 (January – March)	60	24.5 ± 7.7	-201.0 (-1340.4, 938.4)	0.72	-220.2 (-1353.9, 913.5)	0.70
2020 Quarter 2 (April – June)	8	409.0 ± 362.6	183.5 (-2653.5, 3020.6)	0.89	265.6 (-2557.3, 3088.6)	0.85
2020 Quarter 3 (July – September)	28	32.5 ± 21.7	-192.9 (-1769.4, 1383.4)	0.81	-90.6 (-1661.2, 1479.9)	0.91
2020 Quarter 4 (October – December)	104	13.2 ± 2.0	-212.2 (-1138.9, 714.5)	0.65	-140.1 (-1063.9, 783.7)	0.76
2021 Post COVID Restrictions	16	5088.5 ± 5046.9	4863.0 (2824.8, 6901.3)	< 0.0001	4883.9 (2855.6, 6912.2)	< 0.0001
Women who had 3 Visits	64
Pre-COVID Restrictions	9	33.3 ± 22.0	Reference
2020 Quarter 1 (January – March)	18	15.9 ± 3.1	-17.4 (-162.4, 127.6)	0.81	-20.7 (-169.3, 127.9)	0.78
2020 Quarter 2 (April – June)	4	18.8 ± 8.8	-14.5 (-228.0, 198.9)	0.89	-22.4 (-242.8, 198.1)	0.84
2020 Quarter 3 (July – September)	6	227.7 ± 209.9	194.3 (7.1, 381.5)	0.42	189.2 (-3.5, 381.8)	0.05
2020 Quarter 4 (October – December)	27	43.8 ± 26.6	10.4 (-126.3, 147.2)	0.87	12.77 (-126.7, 152.2)	0.85

^a Adjusted for age and level of education

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