Determinants of neural tube defects among women who gave birth in hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia: evidence from a matched case control study

Berhane, Anteneh; Belachew, Tefera

doi:10.1186/s12905-023-02796-0

Table 2 Obstetric and health characteristics of case and controls in Eastern Ethiopia

From: Determinants of neural tube defects among women who gave birth in hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia: evidence from a matched case control study

Variables	Categories	Cases		Controls		P
Variables	Categories	n	%	n	%	P
Gap between the previous pregnancy	Nulligravida	30	21.7	12	8.7	0.011 ^a
	1–3 years	97	70.3	113	81.9
	4–7 years	11	8	13	9.4
Gravidity	Primigravida	25	18.1	11	8	0.012 ^a
Gravidity	Multigravida	113	81.9	127	92
Family planning	No	87	63	99	71.7	0.123 ^a
Family planning	Yes	51	37	39	28.3
Current Pregnancy	Unplanned	120	87	118	85.5	0.727 ^a
Current Pregnancy	Planned	18	13	20	14.5
ANC visit	No	69	50	64	46.4	0.547 ^a
ANC visit	Yes	69	50	74	53.6
IFA supplement	No	73	52.9	67	48.6	0.47 ^a
IFA supplement	Yes	65	47.1	71	51.4
Breast feeding above 2 years	No	128	92.8	130	94.2	0.626 ^a
Breast feeding above 2 years	Yes	10	7.2	8	5.8
Male gender predominance	No	126	91.3	122	88.4	0.425 ^a
Male gender predominance	Yes	12	8.7	16	11.6
History of preterm	No	120	87	121	87.7	0.856 ^a
History of preterm	Yes	18	13	17	12.3
Chronic hypertension	No	138	100	136	98.6	0.498 ^b
Gastric disease	No	121	87.7	115	83.3	0.305 ^a
Gastric disease	Yes	17	12.3	23	16.7
Suffered with stress	No	120	87	115	83.3	0.397 ^a
Suffered with stress	Yes	18	13	23	16.7
Suffered with viral infection	No	122	88.4	124	89.9	0.69 ^a
Suffered with viral infection	Yes	16	11.6	14	10.1
Suffered with malaria	No	132	95.7	136	98.6	0.28 ^a
Suffered with malaria	Yes	6	4.3	2	1.4
Suffered from parasitic infection	No	104	75.4	106	76.8	0.77 ^a
Suffered from parasitic infection	Yes	34	24.6	32	23.2
Passive cigarette smoker or smoker	No	107	77.5	108	78.3	0.88 ^a
Passive cigarette smoker or smoker	Yes	31	22.5	30	21.7
Partner exposure to chemicals	No	127	92	124	89.9	0.52 ^a
Partner exposure to chemicals	Yes	11	8	14	10.1
Heating/ cooling fumes in living quarters	No	122	88.4	121	87.7	0.85 ^a
Heating/ cooling fumes in living quarters	Yes	16	11.6	17	12.3
Exposure to radiation	No	125	90.6	124	89.9	0.83 ^a
Exposure to radiation	Yes	13	9.4	14	10.1
Inadequate ventilation during heating	No	124	89.9	128	92.8	0.39 ^a
Inadequate ventilation during heating	Yes	14	10.1	10	7.2

^aPearson chi square; ^bFisher Exact test. Significant at < 0.05, IFA = Iron- folic acid, ANC = Antenatal care

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