Table 3 Multivariable analysis for the determinants of NTDs among women who gave birth in hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia

Residence

 Urban

 Rural

64(46.4)

74(53.6)

86(62.3)

52(37.7)

0.023

1.00

3.41(1.18–9.78)

Educational status of mothers

 No informal education

 Formal (1–12)

 College & above

27(19.6)

100(72.5)

11(8)

26(18.8)

98(71)

14(10.1)

0.03

0.272

1.00

0.34(0.12–0.92)

0.41(0.08–1.99)

History of elective or terminated or spontaneous abortion

 No

 Yes

111(80.4)

27(19.6)

122(88.4)

16(11.6)

0.023

1.00

2.95(1.15–7.55)

Suffered with Anemia (Before or early pregnancy)

 No

 Yes

103(74.6)

35(25.4)

117(84.8)

21(15.2)

0.024

1.00

3.4(1.17–9.87)

Fever(hyperthermia)/cold (Before or early pregnancy)

 No

 Yes

98(71)

40(29)

107(77.5)

31(22.5)

0.038

1.00

2.75(1.05–7.15)

Use any antibiotic (Before or early pregnancy)

 No

 Yes

112(81.2)

26(18.8)

122(88.4)

16(11.6)

0.003

1.00

6.6(1.89–23.02)

Maternal exposure to agrochemicals

 No

 Yes

112(81.2)

26(18.8)

120(87)

18(13)

0.032

1.00

3.39(1.11–10.3)