Table 4 Comparison the constructs of the Health Action Model and breast self-examination behavior in the intervention and control groups

Knowledge

intervention

8.36 ± 2.2

10.64 ± 1.5

11.57 ± 0.74

2.28

3.21

control

8.15 ± 2.7

7.46 ± 2.7

6.89 ± 2.6

-0.69

-1.26

p

0.598, t = 0.528

< 0.001, t = 8.878

< 0.001, t = 15.119

< 0.001, t = 8.582

< 0.001, t = 13.634

Perceived susceptibility

intervention

11.94 ± 2.4

13.42 ± 1.4

13.76 ± 1.2

1.49

1.82

control

11.49 ± 2.6

11.46 ± 2.2

11.44 ± 1.8

0.02

-.05

p

0.271, t = 1.106

< 0.001, t = 6.493

< 0.001, t = 9.240

< 0.001, t = 5.204

< 0.001, t = 5.951

Perceived severity

intervention

22.50 ± 2.7

23.38 ± 1.9

23.68 ± 1.5

.87

1.17

control

21.75 ± 3.23

21.05 ± 3.15

20.71 ± 2.82

.7

-1.04

p

0.119, t = 1.570

< 0.001, t = 5.607

< 0.001, t = 8.195

< 0.001, t = 3.964

< 0.001, t = 5.326

Perceived barrier

intervention

24.89 ± 6.1

19.95 ± 5.1

17.47 ± 3.7

-4.94

-7.41

control

26.14 ± 7.0

26.55 ± 6.3

26.89 ± 6.0

.41

0.75

p

0.231, t = -1.201

< 0.001, t = -7.254

< 0.001, t = -11.843

< 0.001, t = -6.371

< 0.001, t = -10.291

Perceived benefits

intervention

22.71 ± 2.7

23.39 ± 2.1

23.85 ± 1.6

.67

1.14

control

22.13 ± 3.3

21.41 ± 3.3

21.35 ± 3.1

-.71

-.77

p

0.221, t = 1.229

< 0.001, t = 4.398

< 0.001, t = 6.228

< 0.001, t = 3.353

< 0.001, t = 4.662

Self-efficacy

intervention

38.72 ± 5.1

40.81 ± 4.1

41.70 ± 3.3

2.09

2.97

control

37.03 ± 6.0

36.06 ± 6.2

35.37 ± 5.9

-.96

-1.65

p

0.058, t = 1.911

< 0.001, t = 5.710

< 0.001, t = 8.296

< 0.001, t = 4..266

< 0.001, t = 6.377

Subjective norm

intervention

37.40 ± 5.57

38.69 ± 4.83

39.78 ± 4.2

1.29

2.37

control

36.43 ± 6.2

35.28 ± 5.74

34.13 ± 5.20

-1.14

-2.34

p

0.360, t = .918

< 0.001, t = 3.889

< 0.001, t = 7.550

< 0.01, t = 3.169

< 0.001, t = 5.916

Skill

intervention

41.75 ± 5.6

44.55 ± 4.7

45.80 ± 4.0

2.80

4.05

control

40.70 ± 5.92

39.83 ± 5.9

39.06 ± 5.4

-.87

-1.64

p

0.251, t = 1.152

< 0.001, t = 5.551

< 0.001, t = 9.008

< 0.001, t = 4.651

< 0.001, t = 7.110

Behavioral intention

intervention

17.08 ± 2.6

18.16 ± 2.4

18.99 ± 1.7

1.08

1.91

control

16.72 ± 2.6

16.35 ± 2.6

16.27 ± 2.5

-.37

-.45

p

0.394, t = .854

< 0.001, t = 4.532

< 0.001, t = 8.180

< 0.001, t = 3.848

< 0.001, t = 6.623

Breast self- exam

intervention

1.73 ± 2.2

2.94 ± 1.4

3.51 ± 0.7

1.21

1.79

control

1.99 ± 2.6

1.01 ± 1.4

0.76 ± 0.9

-.97

-1.22

p

0.497, t = -.680

< 0.001, t = 7.359

< 0.001, t = 18.816

< 0.001, t = 6.448

< 0.001, t = 8.601