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Table 4 Factors associated with WHOQOL-BREF domains in breast cancer survivors and cancer-free women

From: Quality of life among French breast cancer survivors in comparison with cancer-free women: the Seintinelles study

Variable

Breast cancer survivors (n = 722)

Cancer-free women (n = 1359)

WHOQOL-BREF

WHOQOL-BREF

Physical health

Psychological health

Social relationships

Environment

Physical health

Psychological health

Social relationships

Environment

β coefficienta

β coefficienta

β coefficienta

β coefficienta

β coefficientb

β coefficientb

β coefficientb

β coefficientb

Intercept

63.433

61.816

56.943

62.412

58.455

48.593

46.085

57.333

Living status (not living alone)c

-0.306

2.129

3.727*

1.634

-0.744

2.786**

5.211***

2.299**

Dependents (yes)

0.037

-1.050

-0.141

-1.392

-1.409

1.324

-2.030

-1.257

Financial level (high)

3.964***

4.065**

1.862

7.204***

1.587*

1.944*

0.003

6.267***

Education level (13–17 years)

-3.107*

-1.464

-1.012

0.414

-1.472

0.861

-2.023

1.467

Professionally active (yes)

3.116**

0.299

0.032

0.792

4.426***

4.168***

2.554*

1.267

Habitat environment (urban)

0.182

-0.837

-0.099

-1.345

-0.281

0.209

1.030

-0.171

Age (40–52 years)

-3.011

-4.529**

-3.394

-2.010

-0.333

-1.392

-0.592

-0.452

Age (53–75 years)

-2.805

-3.545

-4.223

-1.044

-0.270

2.894**

0.511

1.589

BMI (normal)

2.875**

0.195

-1.297

-1.250

1.626*

2.344**

0.159

0.324

Current health status (good)

10.828***

7.602***

5.211**

3.697***

12.814***

6.537***

5.985***

5.052***

Neurological problemsd, e (yes)

-3.776**

-3.406**

-3.131*

-1.568

-5.248***

-3.220***

-1.113

-1.320

Presence of comorbiditiese, f (yes)

-2.126

-1.593

-0.169

-0.235

-3.542**

0.036

0.291

0.623

Consultations with a general practitionerg (> 2)

-3.604**

-2.124*

-3.060*

0.230

-3.715***

-1.546*

-0.716

-0.438

Currently smoking (yes)

1.183

0.655

-1.400

-0.705

1.929

-0.060

0.415

-1.348

Current alcohol consumption (yes)

2.693*

0.896

1.570

2.027*

2.615**

-0.744

1.241

1.162

Increased physical activity level (yes)

1.358

1.561

-0.083

0.894

2.813***

1.364

0.708

1.226

Sleep problems (yes)

-2.258*

-1.837

-5.421**

-3.059**

-5.219***

-4.333***

-3.268**

-2.464**

Fatalistic opinion about cancerh (yes)

0.921

1.898

2.263

0.576

0.642

0.426

0.592

0.890

Brief-COPE: positive thinkingi (> 14)

1.022

4.507***

3.689**

3.930***

2.280**

6.005***

6.322***

1.986**

Brief-COPE: problem solvingi (> 11)

2.933**

5.168***

2.166

2.481**

1.022

4.320***

0.142

0.921

Brief-COPE: seeking social supporti (> 18)

1.859

2.056*

4.412**

1.569

0.119

2.125**

4.337***

2.200**

Brief-COPE: avoidancei (> 18)

-1.242

-5.943***

-2.985*

-1.873*

-2.686**

-5.397***

-3.062**

-1.143

MHLCS: internali (> 22)

2.399*

0.318

0.343

1.613

1.471*

0.343

0.554

1.185

MHLCS: powerful othersi (> 19)

-0.629

1.336

-0.129

-0.254

0.979

0.779

2.273*

0.694

MHLCS: chancei (> 18)

-1.799

-4.463***

-0.904

-0.975

-0.475

-1.218

-0.082

-0.802

Health literacy (HLS-EU-Q16) (sufficient > 12)

0.649

0.763

-0.084

2.160**

0.720

0.810

3.002**

1.386*

Current sequelae of cancer (yes)

-3.628**

-1.464

-0.656

-0.263

    

Current cancer treatment (yes)

-4.192**

1.999

1.968

1.146

    

Response time since diagnosis (1–3 years)

-3.494**

-3.195*

-3.483*

-2.065

    

Response time since diagnosis (4–6 years)

-1.265

-2.446

-3.765*

-0.331

    

Mastectomy (yes)

-3.383**

-1.848

0.950

-1.155

    

Radiation therapyj (yes)

-4.209*

-0.773

0.483

0.996

    

Medical treatmentk (yes)

3.478**

-0.627

-0.058

-1.058

    
  1. *p < 0.05
  2. **p < 0.01
  3. ***p < 0.0001
  4. aβ coefficient of variables in multiple linear regression model. Models adjusted for same variables as in Table 2, footnote a, and additionally for Brief-COPE: positive thinking (1: > 14 vs. 0: ≤ 14); Brief-COPE: problem solving (1: > 11 vs. 0: ≤ 11); Brief-COPE: seeking social support (1: > 18 vs. 0: ≤ 18); Brief-COPE: avoidance (1: > 18 vs. 0: ≤ 18); MHLCS: internal (1: > 22 vs. ≤ 22); MHLCS: powerful others (1: > 19 vs. 0: ≤ 19); MHLCS: chance (1: > 18 vs. 0: ≤ 18); health literacy (HLS-EU-Q16) (1: sufficient > 12 vs. 0: limited ≤ 12); current sequelae due to cancer or its treatments (1: yes vs. 0: no); current therapy against cancer (1: yes vs. 0: no); time since diagnosis and questionnaire response (1: 1–3 years vs. 0: 7–10 years); time since diagnosis and questionnaire response (1: 4–6 years vs. 0: 7–10 years); mastectomy (1: yes vs. 0: no); radiation therapy (1: yes vs. 0: no); medical cancer treatment (1: yes vs. 0: no)
  5. bβ coefficient of variables in multiple linear regression model. Models were adjusted for the same variables as the previous one(a), except for variables related to cancer (current sequelae due to cancer or its treatments; current cancer treatment; time since diagnosis and questionnaire response; mastectomy; radiation therapy; and medical cancer treatment)
  6. c Living with partner or with a family member
  7. dNeurological problems: Parkinson disease, depression, psychological disorders requiring treatment, migraine, memory problems requiring treatment, other neurological disease
  8. eDiagnosis in the last 10 years
  9. fComorbidities: cardiovascular disease, neurovascular disease or diabetes
  10. gIn the last 12 months; apart from consultations related to cancer in BCSs
  11. hAgree that: “Cancer cannot be avoided”
  12. iMedian value
  13. jRadiation therapy or brachytherapy
  14. kMedical therapy: chemotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy or other drug therapy
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