Skip to main content
Fig. 2 | BMC Women's Health

Fig. 2

From: The impact of diabetes, anemia, and renal function in the relationship between osteoporosis and fasting blood glucose among Taiwanese women: a cross-sectional study

Fig. 2

Schematic representation of biological interactions among diabetes, anemia, and renal function in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. The diagram illustrates potential pathways through which diabetes mellitus (DM), anemia, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) may influence bone mineral density (BMD) and contribute to the development of osteoporosis (OS). Key molecular and physiological factors include advanced glycation end products (AGEs), erythropoietin (EPO), hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF), and parathyroid hormone (PTH), among others. The figure also denotes the roles of fasting blood glucose (FBS), insulin resistance (IR), and body mass index (BMI) in the context of bone metabolism, highlighting the complex interplay of systemic factors in bone health. (Ca: calcium; P: phosphorus; OC: osteocalcin; PINP: amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen)

Back to article page

BMC Women's Health

ISSN: 1472-6874

Contact us