Table 2 Characteristics of the study participants

Age

44

13

47

14

41

12

0.001

Daily energy intake (kcal)

1797

520

2067

439

1737

303

< 0.001

Weight (kg)

64.5

9.1

69.17

8.26

62.5

9

< 0.001

Body mass index (kg/m²)

24.69

4.06

25.91

4.17

23.15

3.79

< 0.001

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

Body mass index category

Low weight (< 18.5)

0

0

0

< 0.001

Normal (18.5 to 24.99)

52 (53.6%)

11 (28.2%)

41 (70.7%)

Overweight (25 to 29.99)

36 (37.1%)

20 (51.3%)

16 (27.6%)

Obese (≥ 30)

9 (9.36%)

8 (20.5%)

1 (1.7%)

Waist circumference (cm)

≥ 88

41 (42.3%)

28 (71.8%)

13 (22.4%)

< 0.001

< 88

56 (57.7%)

11 (28.2%)

45 (77.6%)

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

≥ 130

24 (24.7%)

16 (41%)

8 (13.8%)

0.002

< 130

73 (75.3%)

23 (59%)

50 (86.2%)

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

≥ 85

28 (28.9%)

20 (51.3%)

8 (13.8%)

< 0.001

< 85

69 (71.1%)

19 (48.7%)

50 (86.2%)

Fasting blood sugar (mg/dL)

≥ 100

17 (17.5%)

11 (28.2%)

6 (10.3%)

0.02

< 100

80 (82.5%)

28 (71.8%)

52 (89.7%)

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

> 150

33 (34%)

28 (71.8%)

5 (8.6%)

< 0.001

≤ 150

64 (66%)

11 (28.2%)

53 (91.4%)

HDL-C (mg/dL)

< 50

79 (81.4%)

33 (84.6%)

46 (79.3%)

0.51

≥ 50

18 (18.6%)

6 (15.4%)

12 (20.7%)

Physical activity category (MET-h per week)

light (MET < 600)

8 (8.2%)

4 (10.3%)

4 (6.9%)

0.70

moderate (600 ≤ MET < 3000)

82 (84.5%)

33 (84.6%)

49 (84.5%)

heavy (MET ≥ 3000)

7(7.2%)

2 (5.1%)

5 (8.6%)