Table 1 Distribution of schooling years and fertility by woman’s socio-demographic characteristics, 2004 MDHS
| Â | Years of Schooling | Children ever born | Â | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | n (%) | 0 (%) | 1-8 (%) | 9+ (%) | \(\boldsymbol{\chi ^{2}}\) p-val | 0 (%) | 1-4 (%) | 5+ (%) | \(\boldsymbol{\chi ^{2}}\) p-val |
Overall sample | 11,698 (100) | 2,823 (24.1) | 7,262 (62.1) | 1,613 (13.8) | Â | 2,400 (20.5) | 6,134 (52.4) | 3,164 (27.1) | Â |
Ethinicity | Â | Â | Â | Â | \(<0.0001\) | Â | Â | Â | \(<0.0001\) |
      Tumbuka/Tonga/other | 3,618 (30.9) | 527 (14.6) | 2,403 (66.4) | 688 (19.0) |  | 804 (22.2) | 1,861 (51.4) | 953 (26.3) |  |
      Lomwe/Yao/Sena | 4,413 (37.7) | 1,370 (31.0) | 2,604 (59.0) | 439 (10.0) |  | 800 (18.1) | 2,454 (55.6) | 1,159 (26.3) |  |
      Chewa/Nyanja | 3,667 (31.4) | 926 (25.3) | 2,255 (61.5) | 486 (13.3) |  | 796 (21.7) | 1,819 (49.6) | 1,052 (28.7) |  |
Religion | Â | Â | Â | Â | \(<0.0001\) | Â | Â | Â | \(<0.0001\) |
      None/other | 127 (01.1) | 63 (49.6) | 55 (43.3) | 9 (07.1) |  | 14 (11.0) | 65 (51.2) | 48 (37.8) |  |
      Muslim | 1,816 (15.5) | 753 (41.5) | 953 (52.5) | 110 (06.1) |  | 293 (16.1) | 1,023 (56.3) | 500 (27.5) |  |
      Christian | 9,755 (83.4) | 2,007 (20.6) | 6,254 (64.1) | 1,494 (15.3) |  | 2,093 (21.5) | 5,046 (51.7) | 2,616 (26.8) |  |
Wealth status | Â | Â | Â | Â | \(<0.0001\) | Â | Â | Â | \(<0.0001\) |
      Poor | 4,409 (37.7) | 1,536 (34.8) | 2,710 (61.5) | 163 (03.7) |  | 728 (16.5) | 2,355 (53.4) | 1,326 (30.1) |  |
      Middle | 2,517 (21.5) | 701 (27.9) | 1,702 (67.6) | 114 (04.5) |  | 424 (16.8) | 1,348 (53.6) | 745 (29.6) |  |
      Rich | 4,772 (40.8) | 586 (12.3) | 2,850 (59.7) | 1,336 (28.0) |  | 1,248 (26.2) | 2,431 (50.9) | 1,093 (22.9) |  |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | Â | \(<0.0001\) | Â | Â | Â | \(<0.0001\) |
      Unmarried | 1,902 (16.3) | 60 (03.2) | 1,232 (64.8) | 610 (32.1) |  | 1,705 (89.6) | 194 (10.2) | 3 (00.2) |  |
      Married/cohabited | 8,385 (71.7) | 2,307 (27.5) | 5,205 (62.1) | 873 (10.4) |  | 626 (07.5) | 5,075 (60.5) | 2,684 (32.0) |  |
      Separated/other | 1,411 (12.1) | 456 (32.3) | 825 (58.5) | 130 (09.2) |  | 69 (04.9) | 865 (61.3) | 477 (33.8) |  |
Occupation | Â | Â | Â | Â | \(<0.0001\) | Â | Â | Â | \(<0.0001\) |
      Not working | 4,733 (40.6) | 973 (20.6) | 2,968 (62.7) | 792 (16.7) |  | 1,412 (29.8) | 2,334 (49.3) | 987 (20.9) |  |
      Domestic/Nonformal | 5,430 (46.5) | 1,522 (28.0) | 3,421 (63.0) | 487 (09.0) |  | 605 (11.1) | 3,022 (55.7) | 1,803 (33.2) |  |
      Professional/formal | 1,504 (12.9) | 323 (21.5) | 854 (56.8) | 327 (21.7) |  | 376 (25.0) | 760 (50.5) | 368 (24.5) |  |
Contraceptive use | Â | Â | Â | Â | \(<0.0001\) | Â | Â | Â | \(<0.0001\) |
      Non-user/other | 9,164 (78.3) | 2,258 (24.6) | 5,699 (62.2) | 1,207 (13.2) |  | 2,347 (25.6) | 4,617 (50.4) | 2,200 (24.0) |  |
      User | 2,534 (21.7) | 565 (22.3) | 1,563 (61.7) | 406 (16.0) |  | 53 (02.1) | 1,517 (59.9) | 964 (38.0) |  |
Place of residence | Â | Â | Â | Â | \(<0.0001\) | Â | Â | Â | \(<0.0001\) |
      Urban | 1,640 (14.0) | 128 (07.8) | 858 (52.3) | 654 (39.9) |  | 472 (28.8) | 895 (54.6) | 273 (16.6) |  |
      Rural | 10,058 (86.0) | 2,695 (26.8) | 6,404 (63.7) | 959 (09.5) |  | 1,928 (19.2) | 5,239 (52.1) | 2,891 (28.7) |  |
Region | Â | Â | Â | Â | \(<0.0001\) | Â | Â | Â | \(<0.0001\) |
      Northern | 1,597 (13.7) | 130 (08.1) | 1,100 (68.9) | 367 (23.0) |  | 371 (23.2) | 832 (52.1) | 394 (24.7) |  |
      Central | 4,199 (35.9) | 1,078 (25.7) | 2,585 (61.6) | 536 (12.8) |  | 907 (21.6) | 2,057 (49.0) | 1,235 (29.4) |  |
      Southern | 5,902 (50.5) | 1,615 (27.4) | 3,577 (60.6) | 710 (12.0) |  | 1,122 (19.0) | 3,245 (55.0) | 1,535 (26.0) |  |
Median age (SD) | Â | 33 (8.77) | 24 (8.86) | 22 (6.76) | Â | 17 (4.80) | 25 (6.57) | 38 (6.34) | Â |
Median age at 1st sex (SD) | Â | 16 (3.30) | 16 (3.37) | 18 (3.41) | Â | 18 (4.27) | 16 (2.94) | 16 (3.28) | Â |
Raw correlation (pval) | -0.3918 (\(<0.0001\)) | ||||||||