Table 1 Main characteristics of the study population
Variables | Endometriosis a | Total (N = 248) | p-value b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Endometrioma (n = 81) | Non-endometrioma (n = 167) | |||
Age (years) | 37.0 ± 7.1 | 37.1 ± 7.8 | 37.1 ± 7.5 | 0.86 |
Age groups (years) | Â | Â | Â | 0.95 |
    18 to 30 | 18 (22.2%) | 35 (21.0%) | 53 (21.4%) |  |
    31 to 40 | 36 (44.4%) | 70 (41.9%) | 106 (42.7%) |  |
    41 to 50 | 25 (30.9%) | 56 (33.5%) | 81 (32.7%) |  |
    51 to 54 | 2 (2.5%) | 6 (3.6%) | 8 (3.2%) |  |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.4 ± 5.6 | 26.7 ± 5.8 | 26.6 ± 5.7 | 0.83 |
Body mass index groups (kg/m2) | Â | Â | Â | 0.14 |
    Underweight (< 18.49) | 5 (6.2%) | 3 (1.8%) | 8 (3.2%) |  |
    Normal (18.5 to 24) | 31 (38.3%) | 80 (48.2%) | 111 (44.9%) |  |
    Overweight (25 to 29.99) | 26 (32.1%) | 41 (24.7%) | 67 (27.1%) |  |
    Obese (≥ 30) | 19 (23.5%) | 42 (25.3%) | 61 (24.7%) |  |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | Â | 0.70 |
    Canadian/North American | 69 (85.2%) | 139 (83.2%) | 208 (83.9%) |  |
    Other than above c | 12 (14.8%) | 28 (16.8%) | 40 (16.1%) |  |
Educational level | Â | Â | Â | 0.15 |
    University | 40 (50.0%) | 62 (37.1%) | 102 (41.3%) |  |
    Collegial | 21 (26.3%) | 59 (35.3%) | 80 (32.4%) |  |
    Elementary/secondary or preferred not to answer | 19 (23.8%) | 46 (27.5%) | 65 (26.3%) |  |
    In employment | 71 (87.7%) | 133 (79.6%) | 204 (82.3%) | 0.12 |
Annual income (Canadian dollars) | Â | Â | Â | 0.54 |
    ≤ 19,999 or preferred not to answer | 11 (13.9%) | 30 (18.5%) | 41 (17.0%) |  |
    20,000 to 59,999 | 22 (27.8%) | 45 (27.8%) | 67 (27.8%) |  |
    60,000 to 99,999 | 18 (22.8%) | 43 (26.5%) | 61 (25.3%) |  |
    ≥ 100,000 | 28 (35.4%) | 44 (27.2%) | 72 (29.9%) |  |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | 0.40 |
    Dating or married or common law | 66 (81.5%) | 143 (85.6%) | 209 (84.3%) |  |
    Other than above d | 15 (18.5%) | 24 (14.4%) | 39 (15.7%) |  |
Smoking | 5 (17.9%) | 15 (29.4%) | 20 (25.3%) | 0.26 |
Menarche | Â | Â | Â | 0.32 |
    ≤ 13 years old | 60 (74.1%) | 133 (79.6%) | 193 (77.8%) |  |
    > 13 years old or not sure | 21 (25.9%) | 34 (20.4%) | 55 (22.2%) |  |
Nulliparous | 46 (56.8%) | 88 (52.7%) | 134 (54.0%) | 0.54 |
Gravida | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 2.7 ± 1.8 | 2.5 ± 1.7 | 0.18 |
Parity | 0.8 ± 1.0 | 0.9 ± 1.2 | 0.9 ± 1.1 | 0.32 |
Vaginal birth | 0.5 ± 0.9 | 0.6 ± 1.0 | 0.6 ± 1.0 | 0.45 |
Cesarean section | 0.2 ± 0.5 | 0.3 ± 0.7 | 0.3 ± 0.7 | 0.79 |
Comorbid infertility | 13 (16.0%) | 20 (12.0%) | 33 (13.3%) | 0.38 |
Years since onset of pain symptoms | 9 (3—18) | 12 (5—22) | 11 (5—20) | 0.047 |
Reporting up to four concurrent pain symptoms | 31 (44.3%) | 40 (29.2%) | 71 (34.3%) | 0.031 |
Hormones use within the last three months | 41 (64.1%) | 90 (60.0%) | 131 (61.2%) | 0.58 |
Classes of hormones used in the last three months e | ||||
    Combined hormonal contraceptives | 4 (4.9%) | 24 (14.4%) | 28 (11.3%) | 0.028 |
    Progestins | 21 (25.9%) | 53 (31.7%) | 74 (29.8%) | 0.35 |
    GnRH agonists and antagonists | 9 (11.1%) | 16 (9.6%) | 25 (10.1%) | 0.71 |
    Painkillers use | 50 (61.7%) | 118 (70.7%) | 168 (67.7%) | 0.16 |
    Anti-depressive drugs use | 15 (68.2%) | 37 (59.7%) | 52 (61.9%) | 0.48 |
Diagnosis method | Â | Â | Â | 0.031 |
    Imaging f | 45 (55.6%) | 116 (69.5%) | 161 (64.9%) |  |
    Histology | 36 (44.4%) | 51 (30.5%) | 87 (35.1%) |  |
    Adenomyosis | 2 (4.9%) | 12 (21.8%) | 14 (14.6%) | 0.020 |
    Fibroma | 12 (57.1%) | 38 (79.2%) | 50 (72.5%) | 0.060 |
Pain catastrophizing (PCS ≥ 27) | 19 (23.5%) | 48 (28.7%) | 67 (27.0%) | 0.38 |
Moderate anxiety (GAD-7 ≥ 10) | 6 (23.1%) | 14 (23.0%) | 20 (23.0%) | 0.99 |
Moderate depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) | 9 (34.6%) | 21 (34.4%) | 30 (34.5%) | 0.99 |
Central component of pain (CSI ≥ 40) | 5 (11.1%) | 15 (17.9%) | 20 (15.5%) | 0.31 |