Table 1 The distribution of some socio-demographic features of participants

Age (years)

28.9 (4.8)

27.9 (4.5)

0.589^†

Pre-pregnancy weight (Kg)

75.54 (7.6)

74.64 (7.8)

0.511^†

Height (m)

1.62 (0.0)

1.63 (0.0)

0.713^†

Gestational age at the time of admission (days)

208.68 (27.8)

213.39 (22.3)

0.293^†

N (%)

N (%)

BMI (Kg/m²)

< 18.5

20 (31.3)

12 (18.8)

0.159^€

18.5–24.9

5 (7.8)

6 (9.4)

25-29.9

39 (60.9)

46 (71.9)

Educational level

Lower than diploma

32 (50.0)

36 (56.3)

0.892^‡

High school diploma

29 (45.3)

20 (31.3)

Academic

3 (4.7)

8 (12.5)

Spouse’s educational level

Lower than diploma

34 (53.1)

33 (51.6)

0.457^‡

High school diploma

24 (37.5)

20 (31.3)

Academic

6 (9.4)

11 (17.2)

Residency

Urban regions

43 (67.2)

45 (70.3)

0.849^€

Rural regions

21 (32.8)

19 (29.7)

Occupation

Housewife

57 (89.1)

57 (89.1)

0.224^†

Employed

7 (10.9)

7 (10.9)

Household income

Adequate

42 (65.6)

45 (70.3)

0.426^‡

Inadequate

22 (34.4)

19 (29.7)

Positive history of preeclampsia

15 (23.4)

7 (10.9)

0.100^€

Positive history of gestational diabetes

15 (23.4)

6 (9.4)

0.054^€

Vit D consumption

52 (81.3)

31 (48.4)

> 0.001^€

Number of pregnancies

Nulliparous

28 (43.8)

20 (31.3)

0.201^€

Multiparous

36 (56.3)

44 (68.8)

Previous deliveries

No previous delivery

40 (62.5)

26 (40.6)

0.054^§

Natural delivery

16 (24.2)

25 (39.1)

Cesarean section

8 (13.3)

13 (20.3)

History of abortion

16 (25.6)

14 (21.8)

0.612^€

living child

15 (23.4)

22 (34.3)

0.809^€

Preeclampsia

Early (< 34 weeks)

50 (49.5)

51 (50.4)

0.828^§

Late (≥ 34 weeks)

14 (51.8)

13 (48.1)