Table 1 Distribution of dietary intakes of macro- and micronutrients among cases and controls
Variables | Cases a (n = 90) | Controls (n = 90) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Total energy intake (kcal/day) | 2763.81 ± 618.32 | 2616.13 ± 625.63 | 0.11 |
Protein (g/day) | 91.94 ± 29.06 | 92.72 ± 27.52 | 0.85 |
Carbohydrate (g/day) | 358.80 ± 88.08 | 364.58 ± 88.24 | 0.66 |
Total fat (g/day) | 111.66 ± 31.70 | 93.42 ± 25.61 | < 0.001 |
MUFA (g/day) | 37.93 ± 11.34 | 31.50 ± 8.63 | < 0.001 |
PUFA (g/day) | 25.16 ± 8.09 | 23.06 ± 7.69 | 0.07 |
Calcium (mg/day) | 1115.76 ± 369.23 | 1184.82 ± 345.16 | 0.19 |
Na (mg/day) | 6205.48 ± 1799.65 | 6140.28 ± 1546.41 | 0.07 |
K (mg/day) | 3582.33 ± 971.35 | 3748.00 ± 1019.76 | < 0.001 |
Mg (mg/day) | 398.05 ± 103.26 | 425.00 ± 110.50 | < 0.001 |
Zinc (mg/day) | 12.97 ± 4.68 | 12.88 ± 3.93 | < 0.001 |
Fiber ( g/day) | 52.53 ± 23.70 | 62.61 ± 26.53 | 0.008 |
Whole Grain (g/day) | 72.72 ± 53.83 | 87.55 ± 66.30 | 0.10 |
Refined Grain (g/day) | 370.56 ± 133.02 | 379.17 ± 127.62 | 0.65 |
White Meat (g/day) | 39.27 ± 34.02 | 45.11 ± 33.16 | 0.24 |
Red Meat (g/day) | 43.57 ± 56.68 | 30.49 ± 31.48 | 0.57 |
Fish (g/day) | 7.52 ± 11.99 | 8.43 ± 16.75 | 0.67 |
Salt (g/day) | 8.23 ± 3.28 | 7.85 ± 2.44 | 0.37 |
Fruits (g/day) | 298.26 ± 163.31 | 379.23 ± 179.09 | 0.002 |
Vegetables (g/day) | 262.79 ± 137.28 | 313.19 ± 135.52 | 0.01 |
Legumes (g/day) | 21.65 ± 14.63 | 26.98 ± 13.22 | 0.01 |
Nuts (g/day) | 16.70 ± 26.79 | 18.89 ± 23.31 | 0.55 |
Dairy Products (g/day) | 324.16 ± 231.53 | 323.85 ± 180.61 | 0.99 |
DDS | 4.63 ± 1.66 | 5.44 ± 1.70 | 0.002 |
DQI-I | 52.64 ± 7.94 | 60.46 ± 8.55 | < 0.001 |