Table 4 Multivariate analysis of factors associated with antenatal depression

Age

21 to 34

170(77.27)

50(22.73)

Ref

Ref

17 to 20

34(36.17)

60(63.83)

6.00 (3.55–10.15)

 < 0.001

7.74 (3.42–17.51)

 < 0.001

35 and above

16(41.03)

23(58.97)

4.89 (2.40–9.96)

 < 0.001

3.16 (1.26–7.92)

0.014

Marital status

Married/Cohabiting

214(65.24)

114(34.76)

Ref

Ref

Single/Separated

6(24.00)

19(76.0)

5.94 (2.31–15.30)

 < 0.001

4.23 (0.65–27.66)

0.132

Education

Primary

118(54.13)

100(45.87)

Ref

Ref

Secondary/Tertiary

102(75.56)

33(24.44)

0.38 (0.24–0.61)

 < 0.001

0.44 (0.20–1.00)

0.05

Employment

Employed

133(70.0)

57(30.0)

Ref

Ref

Unemployed

87(53.37)

76(46.63)

2.04 (1.32–3.16)

0.001

1.03 (0.50–2.13)

0.932

Household Income

 ≥ 500,000 UGX

110(69.62)

48(30.38)

Ref

Ref

 < 500,000 UGX

110(56.41)

85(43.59)

1.77 (1.14–2.75)

0.011

1.38 (0.74–2.57)

0.306

Family mental illness history

No

193(63.70)

110(36.30)

Ref

Ref

Yes

27(54.0)

23(46)

1.49 (0.82–2.73)

0.192

1.71 (0.69–4.25)

0.245

History of violence

No

216(65.65)

113(34.35)

Ref

Ref

Yes

4(16.67)

20(83.33)

9.56 (3.20–28.64)

 < 0.001

6.51 (1.81–23.42)

0.004

Alcohol use

No

215(66.77)

107(33.23)

Ref

Ref

Yes

5(16.13)

26(83.87)

10.45 (3.90–27.97)

 < 0.001

8.46 (2.76–25.95)

 < 0.001

Gestational Age

13 to 28 weeks

101(77.69)

29(22.31)

Ref

Ref

 < 13 weeks

15(32.61)

31(67.39)

7.20 (3.43–15.12)

 < 0.001

4.49 (1.53–13.19)

0.006

 > 28 weeks

104(58.76)

73(41.24)

2.44 (1.47–4.07)

0.001

1.90 (0.94–3.81)

0.075

Previous preeclampsia

No

209(63.33)

121(36.67)

Ref

Ref

Yes

11(47.83)

12(52.17)

1.88 (0.81–4.40)

0.143

5.46 (1.69–17.63)

0.005

History of abortion

No

205(68.56)

94(31.44)

Ref

Ref

Yes

15(27.78)

39(72.22)

5.67 (2.98–10.79)

 < 0.001

4.32 (1.88–9.95)

0.001

Stillbirth

No

212(63.28)

123(36.72)

Ref

Ref

Yes

8(44.44)

10(55.56)

2.15 (0.83–5.60)

0.116

1.84 (0.46–7.31)

0.387

Pregnancy Planning

Yes (Planned)

138(87.90)

19(12.10)

Ref

Ref

No (Unplanned)

82(41.84)

114(58.16)

10.10 (5.78–17.23)

 < 0.001

12.59 (5.75–27.57)

 < 0.001