Table 5 Identified factors associated with clinical breast examination behaviors among women around the world in the 34 reviewed articles

Socio-demographic Factors

Age

[11, 32, 39]

[24]

Education

[13, 24, 32]

[37]

[34]

Employment status

[13, 20]

Income

[11, 13, 20]

Marital status

None

Number of Children

None

Ethnicity

None

Region of Residence

None

Race

None

Spouse Demographic Characteristics

[13]

[20]

Health History

Hormone Therapy and History of Infertility

[20]

Family History of Breast Cancer

[13, 22]

[11]

Personal History of Cancer or Past Breast Disorders

[11, 22]

Knowledge

Knowledge About Breast Cancer Screening

[22, 24, 29, 32, 39, 46]

[29, 34, 46]

Knowledge About Breast Cancer

[13, 22]

[46]

Perceptions

Perceived Health Status

None

Attitude Towards Breast Cancer Screening

[24, 37]

Perceived Barriers

[37, 39]

[36]

[34]

Perceived Benefits

[11, 36, 41]

Self-efficacy

[36]

[29]

Perceived Severity

[32, 36]

[46]

Perceived Susceptibility

[11, 32]

[36]

Cultural Factors

Fatalistic /Religious Beliefs

[41]

[32]

[46]

Cultural Differences) Longer Migration Time- speaking English Well- Cultural Support)

[39]

[29]

Gender of the Doctor Performing the Clinical Checkup/Examinations

[34]

Traditional/Alternative Care

[46]

Social Stigma

[34]

Cues to Action

Breast Cancer Screening by Family Members and Friends

None

Hearing About BC and BCS from Health Team or in the Media

[22]

Similarly, Reminder Letters, Phone Calls, or Text Messages

None

Motivation

High Level of Hope and Health Motivation for the Future

[30, 36]

[29]

Self-Care

Having Regular Checkups

[11, 39]

Smoking

None

Alcohol Abstinence

None

Physical Activity

None

Following Healthy Diet

None

Body Mass Index

[20]

Social Support

Health Insurance Coverage

[11, 22]

Health Workers and Family Members Support

[22]

[29, 34, 46]

Access to Screening Centers

[22]

[46]