Sun H, Gong TT, Jiang YT, Zhang S, Zhao YH, Wu QJ. Global, regional, and national prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years for infertility in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: results from a global burden of disease study, 2017. Aging. 2019;11(23):10952–91.
Article
Google Scholar
Inhorn MC, Patrizio P. Infertility around the globe: new thinking on gender, reproductive technologies and global movements in the 21st century. Hum Reprod Update. 2015;21(4):411–26.
Article
Google Scholar
Kumari S, Singh S, Singh S. A comparative observational analysis of the determinants of primary infertility in women of reproductive age. Eur J Mol Clin Med. 7(11):2020.
Greil AL, Slauson-Blevins K, McQuillan J. The experience of infertility: a review of recent literature. Sociol Health Illn. 2010;32(1):140–62.
Article
Google Scholar
Hinton L, Kurinczuk JJ, Ziebland S. Infertility; isolation and the internet: a qualitative interview study. Patient Educ Couns. 2010;81(3):436–41.
Article
Google Scholar
Greil AL, McQuillan J, Lowry M, Shreffler KM. infertility treatment and fertility-specific distress: a longitudinal analysis of a population-based sample of U.S. women. Soc Sci Med. 2011;73(1):87–94.
Article
Google Scholar
Kearney AL, White KM. Examining the psychosocial determinants of women’s decisions to delay childbearing. Hum Reprod (Oxf Engl). 2016;31(8):1776–87.
Article
Google Scholar
Alhassan A, Ziblim AR, Muntaka S. A survey on depression among infertile women in Ghana. BMC Womens Health. 2014;14(1):42.
Article
Google Scholar
Lei A, You H, Luo B, Ren J. The associations between infertility-related stress, family adaptability and family cohesion in infertile couples. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):1–8.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Rockliff HE, Lightman SL, Rhidian E, Buchanan H, Gordon U, Vedhara K. A systematic review of psychosocial factors associated with emotional adjustment in in vitro fertilization patients. Hum Reprod Update. 2014;20(4):594–613.
Article
Google Scholar
Younesi S, Akbari-Zardkhaneh S, Behjati Ardakani Z. Evaluating stigma among infertile men and women in Iran. J Reprod Infertil. 2006;6(5):531–46.
Google Scholar
Taebi M, Kariman N, Montazeri A, Majd HA. Infertility stigma: a qualitative study on feelings and experiences of infertile women. Int J Fertil Steril. 2021;15(3):189.
Google Scholar
Fu B, Qin N, Cheng L, Tang G, Cao Y, Yan C, et al. Development and validation of an infertility stigma scale for Chinese women. J Psychosom Res. 2015;79(1):69–75.
Article
Google Scholar
Dovidio J, Major B, Crocker J. Stigma: Introduction and overview. Soc Psychol stigma. 2000;1:1–28.
Bos AE, Pryor JB, Reeder GD, Stutterheim SE. Stigma: advances in theory and research. Basic Appl Soc Psychol. 2013;35(1):1–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Slade P, O’Neill C, Simpson AJ, Lashen H. The relationship between perceived stigma, disclosure patterns, support and distress in new attendees at an infertility clinic. Hum Reprod (Oxf Engl). 2007;22(8):2309–17.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Carter J, Applegarth L, Josephs L, Grill E, Baser RE, Rosenwaks Z. A cross-sectional cohort study of infertile women awaiting oocyte donation: the emotional, sexual, and quality-of-life impact. Fertil Steril. 2011;95(2):711-6.e1.
Article
Google Scholar
Donkor ES, Sandall J. The impact of perceived stigma and mediating social factors on infertility-related stress among women seeking infertility treatment in Southern Ghana. Soc Sci Med. 2007;65(8):1683–94.
Article
Google Scholar
Onat G, Kizilkaya BN. Effects of infertility on gender differences in marital relationship and quality of life: a case-control study of Turkish couples. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2012;165(2):243–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Justo JMRM, Vieira CFSP, Costa EV. Stigma consciousness and self-efficacy in infertile couples: correlation and gender differences. Int J Dev Educ Psychol. 2010;1(2):433–42.
Google Scholar
Naab F, Brown R, Heidrich S. Psychosocial health of infertile Ghanaian women and their infertility beliefs. J Nurs Scholarsh Off Publ Sigma Theta Tau Int Honor Soc Nurs. 2013;45(2):132–40.
Google Scholar
Ergin RN, Polat A, Kars B, Öztekin D, Sofuoğlu K, Çalışkan E. Social stigma and familial attitudes related to infertility. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;15(1):46–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Ma H-I, Hsieh C-E. Questionnaires on stigmatizing attitudes among healthcare students in Taiwan: development and validation. BMC Med Educ. 2020;20(1):59.
Article
Google Scholar
Berger BE, Ferrans CE, Lashley FR. Measuring stigma in people with HIV: psychometric assessment of the HIV stigma scale. Res Nurs Health. 2001;24(6):518–29.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Browne JL, Ventura AD, Mosely K, Speight J. Measuring Type 1 diabetes stigma: development and validation of the type 1 Diabetes stigma assessment scale (DSAS-1). Diabet Med J Br Diabet Assoc. 2017;34(12):1773–82.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Sastre-Rus M, Tomás-Sábado J, Juliá-Sanchis R, Roldán-Merino JF, Puig-Llobet M, Lluch-Canut MT. Development and psychometric testing of a scale for assessing the associative stigma of mental illness in nursing. J Clin Nurs. 2020;29(21–22):4300–12.
Article
Google Scholar
Taebi M, Kariman N, Montazeri A, Majd HA. Development and psychometric evaluation of the female infertility stigma instrument (ISI-F): protocol for a mixed method study. Reprod Health. 2020;17:1–6.
Article
Google Scholar
Waltz C, Strickland O, Lenz E. Measurement in nursing and health research. Fourth Edition. New York: Springer Publishing Company; 2010.
Lawshe CH. A quantitative approach to content validity. Pers Psychol. 1975;28(4):563–75.
Article
Google Scholar
Tavousi M, Haeri-Mehrizi A, Rakhshani F, Rafiefar S, Soleymanian A, Sarbandi F, et al. Development and validation of a short and easy-to-use instrument for measuring health literacy: the Health literacy instrument for adults (HELIA). BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):656.
Article
Google Scholar
Ebadi A, Taghizadeh Z, Montazeri A, Shahvari Z, Tavousi M. Translation, development and psychometric properties of health related measures-part 2: construct validity, reliability and responsiveness. Health Monit J Iran Inst Health Sci Res. 2017;16(4):445–55.
Google Scholar
Munro B. Satistical methods for health care research. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/ Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013.
Google Scholar
Jebb AT, Ng V, Tay L. A review of key likert scale development advances: 1995–2019. Front Psychol. 2021;12:637547.
Article
Google Scholar
Hayes AF, Coutts JJ. Use omega rather than Cronbach’s alpha for estimating reliability. But…. Commun Methods Meas. 2020;14(1):1–24.
Article
Google Scholar
Polit DF, Beck CT. Nursing research: generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2017.
Google Scholar
Fledderjohann JJ. “Zero is not good for me”: implications of infertility in Ghana. Hum Reprod (Oxf Engl). 2012;27(5):1383–90.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Bornstein M, Gipson JD, Failing G, Banda V, Norris A. Individual and community-level impact of infertility-related stigma in Malawi. Soc Sci Med. 2020;251:112910.
Article
Google Scholar
Pacheco Palha A, Lourenço MF. Psychological and cross-cultural aspects of infertility and human sexuality. Adv Psychosom Med. 2011;31:164–83.
Article
Google Scholar
Dyer SJ, Abrahams N, Mokoena NE, Lombard CJ, van der Spuy ZM. Psychological distress among women suffering from couple infertility in South Africa: a quantitative assessment. Hum Reprod. 2005;20(7):1938–43.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar