Table 1 General characteristics of study population according to tertiles of CSI (378) and N6/N3 (279) in obese and overweight women

Variables†

CSI

Mean ± SD

P-value

P-value_b

T₁(n = 126)

T₂(n = 126)

T₃(n = 126)

Age (years)

37.87 ± 8.95

37.34 ± 9.22

34.81 ± 9.19

0.018

0.473

PA (MET-min/week)

839.32 ± 1027.52

1092.78 ± 1205.06

1048.35 ± 1046.47

0.181

0.366

Anthropometric measurements

Weight (kg)

79.79 ± 10.58

80.12 ± 11.20

81.95 ± 12.10

0.265

0.868

Height (cm)

160.68 ± 5.86

161.27 ± 5.86

161.64 ± 5.63

0.417

0.963

WC (cm)

98.62 ± 9.09

98.73 ± 9.52

100.19 ± 10.09

0.348

0.841

WHR

0.93 ± 0.04

0.93 ± 0.05

0.93 ± 0.05

0.555

0.787

BMI (kg/m²)

30.95 ± 3.70

30.76 ± 3.77

31.33 ± 4.07

0.495

0.553

BF (%)

42.03 ± 5.27

41.60 ± 4.95

42.48 ± 5.80

0.427

0.628

VFA (cm²)

163.06 ± 37.75

163.45 ± 36.85

170.32 ± 37.99

0.226

0.514

FFM (kg)

46.06 ± 5.34

46.48 ± 5.48

46.53 ± 5.77

0.758

0.558

BFM (kg)

33.88 ± 7.79

33.59 ± 7.60

35.32 ± 8.55

0.184

0.589

Blood pressure

SBP (mmHg)

112.88 ± 13.58

111.01 ± 14.02

109.54 ± 12.71

0.280

0.708

DBP (mmHg)

78.52 ± 9.84

77.66 ± 8.49

76.24 ± 10.63

0.314

0.646

Biochemical variables

FBS (mg/dl)

87.98 ± 10.60

87.14 ± 9.70

86.41 ± 8.23

0.621

0.992

TC (mg/dl)

184.75 ± 31.24

184.22 ± 39.71

181.56 ± 36.17

0.857

0.661

TG (mg/dl)

123.69 ± 81.12

124.06 ± 70.69

113.43 ± 49.64

0.602

0.701

HDL (mg/dl)

47.40 ± 10.41

46.42 ± 12.13

46.09 ± 8.42

0.732

0.874

LDL (mg/dl)

95.08 ± 23.11

92.84 ± 25.15

95.16 ± 23.15

0.779

0.308

Insulin (mIU/mL)

1.19 ± 0.23

1.22 ± 0.21

1.22 ± 0.23

0.684

0.580

HOMA index

3.42 ± 1.40

3.17 ± 1.17

3.48 ± 1.27

0.269

0.422

hs.CRP (mg/l)

4.58 ± 4.28

5.05 ± 4.75

5.56 ± 4.63

0.230

0.265

Education%(n)

0.166

0.009

Illiterate

75.0 (3)

25.0 (1)

0.0 (0)

Primary education

46.2 (6)

30.8 (4)

23.1 (3)

Intermediate Education

52.0 (13)

24.0 (6)

24.0 (6)

High school education

50.0 (4)

12.5 (1)

37.5 (3)

Diploma

30.8 (36)

38.5 (45)

30.8 (36)

Postgraduate education

44.4 (12)

33.3 (9)

22.2 (6)

Bachelor’s degree and higher

28.0 (51)

32.4 (59)

39.6 (72)

Job%(n)

0.575

0.529

Housekeeper

33.6 (73)

34.1 (74)

32.3 (70)

Labor

25.0 (1)

75.0 (3)

0.0 (0)

Management employee

35.4 (23)

32.3 (21)

32.3 (21)

Non-managerial employee

30.8 (16)

30.8 (16)

38.5 (20)

household jobs

50.0 (8)

12.5 (2)

37.5 (6)

University student

22.2 (4)

44.4 (8)

33.3 (6)

Marriage%(n)

0.257

0.275

Married

34.8 (94)

34.8 (94)

30.4 (82)

Single

30.0 (27)

28.9 (26)

41.1 (37)

Away from spouse more than 6 month

50.0 (1)

50.0 (1)

0.0 (0)

Dead spouse

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

100.0 (3)

Divorce

27.3 (3)

36.4 (4)

36.4 (4)

Supplementation%(n)

0.138

0.142

Yes

30.3 (47)

36.8 (57)

32.9 (51)

No

38.2 (65)

27.1 (46)

34.7 (59)

Variables†

N6/N3

Mean ± SD

P-value

P-value_b

T₁(n = 93)

T₂(n = 93)

T₃(n = 93)

Age (years)

35.95 ± 8.20

36.08 ± 8.45

37.40 ± 8.72

0.434

0.294

PA (MET-min/week)

960.36 ± 926.07

1192.29 ± 1445.85

812.75 ± 727.60

0.082

0.148

Anthropometric measurements

Weight (kg)

81.12 ± 10.74

80.84 ± 11.89

78.01 ± 9.77

0.098

0.788

Height (cm)

162.02 ± 5.47

161.79 ± 5.77

160.15 ± 6.09

0.058

0.655

WC (cm)

98.81 ± 9.13

99.62 ± 10.11

96.79 ± 8.49

0.103

0.238

WHR

0.92 ± 0.04

0.94 ± 0.05

0.92 ± 0.04

0.075

0.263

BMI (kg/)

30.90 ± 3.93

30.91 ± 3.63

30.37 ± 3.61

0.532

0.462

BF (%)

41.20 ± 5.88

41.05 ± 5.15

41.55 ± 4.91

0.809

0.464

VFA (cm²⁾

162.88 ± 37.06

161.11 ± 40.92

158.08 ± 33.64

0.677

0.766

FFM (kg)

47.07 ± 4.96

47.48 ± 5.84

45.22 ± 5.07

0.009

0.189

BFM (kg)

33.99 ± 7.88

33.73 ± 7.99

32.42 ± 6.86

0.324

0.550

Blood pressure

SBP (mmHg)

110.35 ± 14.18

112.51 ± 12.88

110.59 ± 13.55

0.503

0.294

DBP (mmHg)

76.94 ± 10.37

78.08 ± 9.42

77.62 ± 9.10

0.727

0.270

Metabolic factors

FBS (mg/dl)

87.06 ± 9.31

86.35 ± 9.12

88.22 ± 10.43

0.468

0.055

TC (mg/dl)

178.53 ± 29.15

184.55 ± 37.64

187.71 ± 39.35

0.260

0.103

TG (mg/dl)

118.33 ± 67.37

121.08 ± 72.83

123.72 ± 70.10

0.888

0.240

HDL (mg/dl)

46.18 ± 10.16

47.51 ± 11.04

46.42 ± 10.70

0.716

0.810

LDL (mg/dl)

92.81 ± 20.49

94.91 ± 24.87

94.98 ± 25.90

0.813

0.853

Insulin (mIU/mL)

1.21 ± 0.24

1.23 ± 0.22

1.19 ± 0.21

0.537

0.324

HOMA index

3.22 ± 1.27

3.23 ± 1.27

3.54 ± 1.30

0.198

0.033

hs.CRP (mg/l)

4.83 ± 4.48

5.12 ± 5.02

4.36 ± 4.57

0.543

0.373

Education%(n)

0.608

0.462

Illiterate

0.0 (0)

66.7 (2)

33.3 (1)

Primary education

30.8 (4)

53.8 (7)

15.4 (2)

Intermediate Education

35.3 (6)

23.5 (4)

41.2 (7)

High school education

28.6 (2)

42.9 (3)

28.6 (2)

Diploma

37.0 (30)

32.1 (26)

30.9 (25)

Postgraduate education

16.7 (4)

41.7 (10)

41.7 (10)

Bachelor’s degree and higher

34.8 (46)

31.1 (41)

34.1 (45)

Job%(n)

0.291

0.215

Housekeeper

35.4 (58)

34.8 (57)

29.9 (49)

Labor

33.3 (1)

66.7 (2)

0.0 (0)

Management employee

19.6 (9)

34.8 (16)

45.7 (21)

Non-managerial employee

38.9 (14)

22.2 (8)

38.9 (14)

household jobs

16.7 (1)

33.3 (2)

50.0 (3)

University student

38.9 (7)

33.3 (6)

27.8 (5)

Marriage%(n)

0.575

0.614

Married

32.6 (70)

34.0 (73)

33.5 (72)

Single

33.3 (18)

33.3 (18)

33.3 (18)

Away from spouse more than 6 month

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

100.0 (1)

Dead spouse

100.0 (2)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

Divorce

40.0 (2)

40.0 (2)

20.0 (1)

Supplementation%(n)

0.371

0.249

Yes

35.1 (46)

36.6 (48)

28.2 (37)

No

32.6 (31)

30.5 (29)

36.8 (35)