Table 2 Dietary intake of study population according to tertiles of CSI (378) and N6/N3 (279) in obese and overweight women

Variables†

CSI

Mean ± SD

p-value

T₁(n = 126)

T₂(n = 126)

T₃(n = 126)

Food group

Whole grains (g/d)

60.65 ± 59.95

64.81 ± 57.51

94.32 ± 101.21

0.346

Refined grains (g/d)

329.03 ± 210.11

375.64 ± 188.06

386.16 ± 207.17

0.001

Nuts (g/d)

10.15 ± 12.26

15.12 ± 20.69

20.78 ± 21.41

0.741

Legumes (g/d)

40.35 ± 33.72

49.66 ± 42.61

45.80 ± 40.44

0.212

Vegetables (g/d)

282.37 ± 190.02

410.58 ± 251.52

433.96 ± 245.43

0.003

Fruits (g/d)

359.96 ± 288.70

471.84 ± 323.43

518.56 ± 321.90

0.355

High fat dairy (ml/d)

49.50 ± 71.59

76.93 ± 116.12

150.43 ± 189.28

0.001

Low-fat dairy (ml/d)

200.60 ± 136.87

310.65 ± 224.68

367.16 ± 249.14

0.001

Fish (g/d)

7.06 ± 6.41

11.85 ± 11.74

14.10 ± 15.56

0.001

Poultry (g/d)

21.89 ± 17.23

33.70 ± 25.36

52.21 ± 54.94

0.001

Egg (g/d)

12.59 ± 7.10

22.17 ± 9.49

38.60 ± 22.42

0.001

Fast food (g/d)

14.48 ± 16.92

15.50 ± 18.41

32.47 ± 37.43

0.001

Red meat (g/d)

12.09 ± 8.28

20.95 ± 15.96

32.14 ± 27.39

0.001

Sweet desert (g/d)

68.36 ± 82.18

78.25 ± 74.58

93.30 ± 75.11

0.044

Nutrient intake

Energy (kcal/d)

2141.38 ± 670.84

2592.78 ± 696.85

3143.79 ± 725.64

-

Protein (g/d)

67.48 ± 19.00

90.07 ± 21.73

116.48 ± 31.16

0.001

Carbohydrate (g/d)

307.93 ± 108.21

377.07 ± 121.67

429.97 ± 111.97

0.001

Total fat (g/d)

78.00 ± 31.69

89.47 ± 26.98

116.52 ± 33.07

0.006

TC (g/d)

156.81 ± 29.70

241.09 ± 25.05

395.06 ± 91.37

0.001

MUFA (g/d)

27.06 ± 11.69

29.95 ± 8.87

37.72 ± 10.50

0.052

PUFA (g/d)

18.36 ± 10.74

18.92 ± 7.51

22.46 ± 8.37

0.001

SFA (mg/d)

20.83 ± 6.96

26.14 ± 6.58

38.07 ± 12.44

0.001

Trans fat

0.001 ± 0.001

0.001 ± 0.001

0.001 ± 0.003

0.163

Oleic acid (g/d)

24.55 ± 12.45

26.42 ± 8.79

34.78 ± 11.19

0.009

Linolenic acid (g/d)

1.01 ± 0.67

1.15 ± 0.53

1.44 ± 0.62

0.628

Linoleic acid (g/d)

16.32 ± 10.18

16.35 ± 7.20

19.06 ± 7.87

0.001

EPA (g/d)

0.01 ± 0.02

0.03 ± 0.03

0.03 ± 0.04

0.001

DHA (g/d)

0.06 ± 0.06

0.10 ± 0.11

0.13 ± 0.14

0.001

Variables†

N6/N3

Mean ± SD

P-value^*

T1(n = 93)

T2(n = 93)

T3(n = 93)

Food group

Whole grains (g/d)

76.88 ± 67.78

70.52 ± 59.97

41.42 ± 38.36

0.175

Refined grains (g/d)

489.62 ± 239.45

340.17 ± 194.30

272.29 ± 117.29

0.462

Nuts (g/d)

21.11 ± 19.00

15.81 ± 17.75

6.95 ± 6.07

0.369

Legumes (g/d)

51.82 ± 40.69

52.32 ± 44.80

36.50 ± 31.08

0.189

Vegetables (g/d)

439.80 ± 243.54

417.86 ± 256.50

289.23 ± 183.76

0.060

Fruits (g/d)

750.11 ± 382.63

439.53 ± 243.73

325.48 ± 209.00

0.046

High fat dairy (ml/d)

142.61 ± 178.93

85.27 ± 120.21

34.16 ± 55.29

0.290

Low-fat dairy (ml/d)

371.77 ± 281.11

299.61 ± 205.06

232.10 ± 152.00

0.818

Fish (g/d)

13.75 ± 15.65

11.24 ± 11.07

9.36 ± 8.81

0.996

Poultry (g/d)

45.60 ± 55.96

31.70 ± 29.99

28.12 ± 23.10

0.328

Egg (g/d)

25.27 ± 17.06

22.53 ± 13.63

17.38 ± 10.67

0.385

Fast food (g/d)

27.02 ± 34.16

17.00 ± 20.52

13.62 ± 16.33

0.710

Red meat (g/d)

31.64 ± 20.16

20.75 ± 19.16

12.47 ± 8.39

0.058

Sweet desert (g/d)

110.81 ± 83.91

69.46 ± 62.22

45.47 ± 55.59

0.035

Nutrient intake

Energy (kcal/d)

3468.72 ± 402.67

2545.78 ± 190.36

1799.81 ± 271.01

Protein (g/d)

114.98 ± 24.09

87.51 ± 17.49

62.37 ± 13.30

0.584

Carbohydrate (g/d)

502.95 ± 82.83

353.96 ± 47.13

255.92 ± 53.31

0.099

Total fat (g/d)

122.50 ± 27.88

95.28 ± 20.53

63.74 ± 15.19

0.096

Total cholesterol (g/d)

326.34 ± 123.41

241.50 ± 75.48

189.51 ± 56.43

0.438

MUFA (g/d)

39.10 ± 9.87

32.22 ± 9.23

21.80 ± 6.55

0.034

PUFA (g/d)

24.25 ± 7.54

21.12 ± 8.80

14.24 ± 5.48

0.029

SFA (mg/d)

37.54 ± 11.27

27.37 ± 6.58

18.86 ± 5.14

0.385

Trans fat

0.001 ± 0.002

0.001 ± 0.002

0.001 ± 0.003

0.608

Oleic acid (g/d)

34.87 ± 9.55

29.18 ± 9.32

19.55 ± 6.46

0.027

Linolenic acid (g/d)

1.58 ± 0.55

1.26 ± 0.67

0.82 ± 0.40

0.073

Linoleic acid (g/d)

20.80 ± 7.42

18.44 ± 8.59

12.27 ± 5.34

0.030

EPA (g/d)

0.03 ± 0.04

0.03 ± 0.04

0.02 ± 0.02

0.833

DHA (g/d)

0.12 ± 0.13

0.10 ± 0.12

0.08 ± 0.08

0.948